Bioligy end of year

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

The phase where cellular parts like mitochondria, ribosomes, duplicate to make copies of all chromosomes

Question 2

Prophase

Answer 2

Nucleus starts to breakdown and spindle fibres start to appear

Question 3

Metaphase

Answer 3

Chromosomes lineup on spindle fibres across the middle of the cell

Question 4

Annaphase

Answer 4

Chromosome copies are separated and moved to either end of the cell on the spindle fibres

Question 5

Telophase

Answer 5

A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes from the nucleus

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

The cell surface membrane separate To form two duplicated daughter cells

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area Of low concentration to an area of high Concentration

Question 8

Diffusion through membranes

Answer 8

Particles can diffuse through partially permeable membranes only smaller molecules can pass through and large molecules can’t

Question 9

Things that can affect The rate of diffusion

Answer 9

The difference in concentration E.G the higher the difference in concentration the quicker the rate of diffusion

Temperature E.G the hotter and the quicker greater diffusion

Surface area EG the larger of the surface area the higher the rate of diffusion

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher Water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 11

What is water concentration?

Answer 11

Water concentration is the amount of water compared to other molecules like sugars or salt. (These are called solutes) that’s a dissolved in the water.

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

Controls the cell and contains DNA

Question 13

Cell membrane

Answer 13

Controls what enters and leaves a cell and holds it shape

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

Where chemical reactions take place

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Where Proteins are made

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Where Aerobic respiration takes place releasing energy for the cell

Question 17

Vacuole

Answer 17

Filled with cell zap and keeps the cell shape

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light to help with photosynthesis

Question 19

Cell wall

Answer 19

Made up of cellulose it strengthens the cell and gives it support

Question 20

Parts of microscope

Answer 20

Eyepiece
Objective lens
Stage
Mirror
Fine focus

Question 21

What are the two types of microscope?

Answer 21

Light microscope
Electron microscope

Question 22

What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron micro?

Answer 22

Light microscopes have lower resolution because the wavelengths of light are shorter so it means that there is less detail when it looked into the microscope however electron microscopes have more detail because they’re wavelengths of electrons are shorter meaning the detail is more refined

Question 23

What are the different units?

Answer 23

Millimetres micrometres nanometres picrometers

Question 24

How do you get from millimetres to micrometres

Answer 24

Times by 1000

Question 25

How do you get from nanometres to micrometres?

Answer 25

Divide by thousand

Question 26

What is the sign for Micrometres

Answer 26

/u m

Question 27

What do we call the test for reducing sugars?

Answer 27

Benedict solution

Question 28

How do we use the Benedict solution in an example to test for sugar?

Answer 28

Place 2 cm³ of the food sample into a test tube Add 1 cm³ of Benedict solution and mix Then place the tube into the water bath for a couple minutes and see what colour it Changes to

Question 29

What colour does Benedict go when it is positive and negative when testing for sugar?

Answer 29

Green and yellow for low sugar and orange, brown or red high sugar

Question 30

What do we call the test for starch

Answer 30

Iodine solution tests for Starch

Question 31

How do we use the iodine test for starch?

Answer 31

Place three drops of food sample into the Dotting tile Using up a pet place two drops of iodine solution into the same well A colour change from orange /Brown into dark blue or black Shows a positive result to starch

Question 32

What do we call the test for protein?

Answer 32

The biuret test

Question 33

How do we use buiret to test for starch

Answer 33

Placed some of your sample into a dotting tray Add some biuret Solution If it changes to blue or purple, it contains protein

Question 34

What does amalayse break down and Where is it found?

Answer 34

Emily breaks down protein and it is found in the salivary glands, small intestine and pancreas

Question 35

What does protease breakdown and where is it found?

Answer 35

Protease breaks down proteins and they are found in the stomach pancreas and small intestine

Question 36

What do lipases Breakdown and where they found

Answer 36

Lipases Break Down fats And they are found in the pancreas and small intestine

Question 37

What is starch broken down into?

Answer 37

Maltose

Question 38

What are facts broken down into?

Answer 38

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 39

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 39

Amino acids