Biological Approach

Question 1

Why are males more physically aggressive than females

Answer 1

To ensure that offspring is theirs and genes are passed on

Question 2

2 strengths for CAT scans

Answer 2

Non invasive
Reliable / replicable

Question 3

2 weaknesses of CAT scans

Answer 3

Involves radiation
Only measures structure and layout of brain

Question 4

How do PET scans work

Answer 4

Patient is injected with radiative tracer which is absorbed into the bloodstream
Glucose is used by and positrons are emitted

Question 5

2 strengths of PET scan

Answer 5

Replicable
Valid unbiased images

Question 6

2 weakness of PET scans

Answer 6

more invasive
Artificial setting
or colours hard to distinguish

Question 7

2 strengths of fMRI scans

Answer 7

Replicable
Non invasive

Question 8

2 weaknesses of fMRI

Answer 8

artificial setting
Not suitable for all people

Question 9

Aim of Raine Et al Classical study

Answer 9

To identify brain dysfunctions with people charged with murder who plead NGRI

Question 10

method and sample of raine

Answer 10

41 murders 41 non murderer
39 males 2 females
Matched pair design: age sex ethnicity

Question 11

Procedure of Raine

Answer 11

Remitted to University of California to be assessed for NGRI
pps free from medication 2 weeks prior - urine test
Matched pair
Pps underwent PET scan and continuous performance task which was Identifying targets on screen
32 minute period
PET took 10 images at 10mm intervals

Question 12

Findings of PET in glucose metabolism

Answer 12

Murders had lower glucose metabolism in areas linked to violence

Question 13

Areas of cortical area

Answer 13

Lateral and prefrontal areas

Question 14

Areas of subcortical

Answer 14

Corpus colosseum
Left amygdala

Question 15

Define evolution

Answer 15

The gradual development of organisms overtime

Question 16

Define natural selection

Answer 16

Organisms that are adapted to their environment by passing on genes

Question 17

Define survival of the fittest

Answer 17

Changing on characteristics genes and traits to survive

Question 18

Define male retention

Answer 18

When males deter their mate from leaving

Question 19

Define negative inducement

Answer 19

When they shout at female partner for looking at another man

Question 20

Define partner guarding

Answer 20

Restricting partner from interacting with others

Question 21

What is the study for evolution and aggression

Answer 21

Shackleford 2005

Question 22

What did shackleford do

Answer 22

Made 461 men ans 560 women who were in a heterosexual relationship to report male retention in their relationship

Question 23

What did shackleford find

Answer 23

That there was a positive correlation with their violence scores

Question 24

what principle is ID

Answer 24

pleasure

Question 25

what age do you develop ID

Answer 25

birth-2

Question 26

what 2 things make ID

Answer 26

Eros and Thanatos

Question 27

what principle is the ego

Answer 27

reality principle

Question 28

what age do you develop ego

Answer 28

2-3

Question 29

what does ego do

Answer 29

controls and delays urges of id

Question 30

what principle is the superego

Answer 30

morality principle

Question 31

what age do you develop superego

Answer 31

3-6

Question 32

explain psychoanalysis

Answer 32

Freud will have patients lie down and relax he would take notes on their thoughts/dreams/memories this would uncover unconscious causes for behaviour lengthy process treats anxiety and depression

Question 33

what are hormones

Answer 33

biochemical messengers

Question 34

what is the role of cortisol

Answer 34

protect body against stress

Question 35

where is cortisol secreted from

Answer 35

adrenal gland

Question 36

where is adrenaline secreted from

Answer 36

adrenal gland

Question 37

where is melatonin secreted from

Answer 37

pineal gland

Question 38

what did dabbs et al do

Answer 38

tested testosterone levels in male and female inmates using their salvia to see if there was a correlation between testosterone levels and violence

Question 39

what did dabbs find

Answer 39

there was a positive correlation of testosterone and violent crime committed between 87 female inmates

Question 40

who did the twin adaption studies

Answer 40

brendgen

Question 41

what was the aim of brendgen twin study

Answer 41

to find whether social and physical aggression can be explained by genetic and/or environmental factors

Question 42

what was the sample for brendgen

Answer 42

234 pairs of twins from Quebec newborn twin study (QNTS)

Question 43

what is the procedure of brendgen twin study

Answer 43

tested physical and social aggression by teachers and peers

Question 44

findings for brendgen

Answer 44

physical agg mostly due to genetic influence (63%) social agg mostly due to non shared environment (37%)