Social Approach Flashcards
(45 cards)
what are the 4 things that lead to prejudice in RCR
Intergroup competition
Negative interdependence
Limited resources
Superordinate goal
What is negative interdependence
Achieving a goal is more important for both groups but only one group wins
What is intergroup competition
When two groups are striving for one goal and prejudice increases
what are limited resources
scares material
What is a superordinate goal
Goals that can only be achieved through cooperation using positive interdependence to reduce prejudice
What does RCT state
whenever there are two or more groups that are seeking the same limited resources this will lead to conflict and discrimination
What is the classical study for social approach
Sherif et al 1954/1961
What was the aim on sherif robbers cave
Explore how competition and frustration of a groups goal can lead to unfavourable stereotyping and prejudice attitudes towards outgroup and encourage in group solidarity and cooperation
What was the sample of sheriffs robbers cave
22 white Protestant 11 year olds from USA Oklahoma
What was the procedure of sheriffs experiment
- Stage 1 = formation
- activities such as tent pitching, swimming, canoeing, camp fire building - Stage 2 = friction
Competition such as tug of war, tent pitching, baseball , canine inspection, comedy sketches and treasure hunts - Stage 3 = reduce friction by superordinate goals
pulling a broken down truck, fixing water supply, combining money to pay for film
What were the findings of sherif experiment
In stage 1
- groups were called the rattlers and the eagles
- social norms were apparent when leaders were established
- rattlers were tough and swore a lot
- eagles were anti swearing and cried
In stage 2
- hostility developed rapidly
- name calling, fighting, one group burnt flag, stealing, raiding and trashing cabins
- 6.4% rattlers’ friends were eagles
- 7.5% eagles’ friends were rattlers
In stage 3
- friction reduced
- boys were entertained around campfire on the last night and left as friends on the same bus
- outgroup friends increased
- 36.4% rattlers’ friends were eagles
- 23.2% eagles’ friends were rattlers
How is reliability a strength in sherif robbers cave
The 3 stages are replicable
Had multiple observers observe the boys so they were checked constantly increasing inter rater reliability
Prejudice was recorded such as when flag was burned and name calling
How is cause and effect a strength for sherif
Increases external validity as the sample and pre existing prejudice was controlled
How is ecological validity a strength for sherif
The tasks and settings were true to life
Real summer camp activities were placed so it was valid and accurate for real life prejudice to be seen
How is generalisability a weakness for sherif
Sample and ethnocentric
No reference to girls and people who live in other countries like china
How is internal validity a weakness for sherif
Multiple observers therefore can have subjective interpretations for the boy’s behaviour
Researcher bias when recording the prejudice behaviour
How is ethics a weakness for sherif
The boys were deceived as they were unaware of the observers and aim, only parents were asked for consent a the boys were not 16 years old
What are the 3 processes in social identity theory
Social categorisation
Social identification
Social comparison
What is social categorisation (SIT)
separate individuals into either in group or outgroup
What is social identification (SIT)
How individuals see themselves and where they modify their behaviour and attitude to match the group they belong to
What is social comparison (SIT)
Where we compare our in group with other groups to affirm our identity
Who creates social identity theory
Tajfel and turner (1979,1986)
what was tajfels aim
test whether prejudice and discrimination can occur between groups without competition
what was tajfels procedure
lab experiment
64 boys aged 15 from bristol school asked to choose between 2 paintings
grouped into 2 groups but allocation was random
pps asked to give points and take points away from ppl in the ingroups
