Biological Approach

Question 0

The central nervous system, especially the brain is essential for what?

Answer 0

thought and behaviour.

Question 1

what is human behaviour strongly influenced by?

Answer 1

Genetic inheritance

Question 2

chemical processes in the brain are responsible for?

Answer 2

psychological functioning, can affect the bipolar mood disorder

Question 3

are the brain and mind the same?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What do philosophers and psychologists argue that the difference between the brain and mind is?

Answer 4

The brain is physical & the mind is mental.

Question 5

what do humans have much in common with?

Answer 5

animals

Question 6

what sort of method is the biological approach?

Answer 6

scientific & technological

Question 7

The function of different structures in the brain are investigated using?

Answer 7

EEG & MRI scanners

Question 8

what do they use to investigate brain function?

Answer 8

Animals

Question 9

What are the case studies about?

Answer 9

people who have had brain damage to understand the role of a specific area of the brain for personality, behaviour and perception.

Question 10

Selective breeding of animals determines what?

Answer 10

what the behaviours and characteristics may have a genetic basis

Question 11

why do these use experimentations with chemicals to effect the brain?

Answer 11

to investigate human behaviour

Question 12

what is the study of identical and non identical twins about?

Answer 12

genetic inheritance or human characteristics.

Question 13

what is genetics?

Answer 13

make up of organisms, how genes influence physical and behavioural characteristics.

Question 14

What is heredity?

Answer 14

the traits, characteristics and behavioural tendencies inherited from their parents

Question 15

what is a genotype?

Answer 15

a personals actual genetic make up represented in the normal 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 16

What is a phenotype?

Answer 16

the actual expression of the persons genetic make up: physical appearance, behavioural and psychological characteristics.

Question 17

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer 17

The visibility of them.

Question 18

What is a dominant gene?

Answer 18

when either both gene pairs are dominant or one is dominant and one is recessive

Question 19

What is a recessive gene?

Answer 19

Does not influence the expression of a physical characteristic

Question 20

What is the disease PKU?

Answer 20

Where genotype can be influenced by environmental factors and thus influenced the phenotype. The recessive gene can produce sever learning difficulties: unable to metabolise.

Question 21

(A01) -In twin studies what does monozygotic (MZ) mean?

Answer 21

exactly the same - share the same genetic make up.

Question 22

(A01) -In twin studies what does Dizygotic (DZ) mean?

Answer 22

aka fraternal twins. Not alike.

Question 23

(A01)- in twin studies what does it mean when they are concordant?

Answer 23

if both or neither of the twins exhibits the trait.

Question 24

(A01) - what does it mean if the twins are said to be discordant?

Answer 24

When one twin shows the trait and the other does not.

Question 25

(A02)- why is it argued that you would expect higher levels of concordance between MZ and DZ twins for psychological characteristics?

Answer 25

Because identical twins are treated the same.

Question 26

(A02)- are environmental experiences more alike for MZ or DZ twins?

Answer 26

MZ

Question 27

(A02)- what have psychologists studied about MZ Twins?

Answer 27

That they were separated at bring in early life and brought up separately and in different environments.

Question 28

(A01) Adoption studies - investigating heritability - what does it involve?

Answer 28

Comparing a trait or characteristics between adopted children and the children of their biological parents.

Question 29

(A01) adoption studies - if a trait/psychological characteristic is heritable what does this mean?

Answer 29

the biological children show greater similarity for that characteristics with their biological parents compared to children of adoptive parents.

Question 30

(A01) adoption studies: - an example of role of heritability?

Answer 30

heritability coefficient is higher with their natural parents than their adoptive parents

Question 31

(A02) adoption studies: - what's this got an advantage of?

Answer 31

Children sharing a similar environment

Question 32

(A02) adoption studies: - what did Cloniger (1987) report?

Answer 32

that sons of alcoholic biological parents were more likely to become alcoholics themselves compared to children reared by adoptive parents

Question 33

2 strengths?

Answer 33

- it is very scientific | - provides strong counter arguments to the nurture side of nature nurture debate.

Question 34

2 weaknesses?

Answer 34

- doesn't adequately explain how mind and body interact - it explains thoughts and behaviour in terms of actions of neurons or biochemicals, ignoring other suitable explanations.