Biological structures

Question 0

Are some neurons different to others?

Answer 0

Yes, they can vary in size and shape.

Question 1

How many neurones or nerve cells are in the average human nervous system?

Answer 1

100 billion

Question 2

What is a neuron specialised for?

Answer 2

Communication to and from muscles/other organs in the body like the heart and stomach.

Question 3

What is the function of the MOTOR neuron?

Answer 3

Carey information from the central nervous system to a muscle, causing the muscle to contract.

Question 4

What is the function of the SENSORY neuron?

Answer 4

Receives messages from the outside world through our different senses then they are sent to the central nervous system.

Question 5

What is the function of the INTERNEURON?

Answer 5

They connect neurons together. Found only in the central nervous system .

Question 6

What is a cell body?

Answer 6

It contain the genetic material (chromosomes) of the cell.

Question 7

What is an axon?

Answer 7

a long extension from the cell body

Question 8

What is a myelin sheath?

Answer 8

It covers nearly all axons in the body. It helps to increase the speed of transmission of the nerve impulse down the axon.

Question 9

What are terminal buttons?

Answer 9

These are at the end of the axon, they send signals to an adjacent cell

Question 10

What are dendrites ?

Answer 10

Receives the impulse or signal from adjacent cell

Question 11

(Neurotransmitter) what is a serotonin?

Answer 11

It regulates sleep and wakefulness and aggressive behaviour and is involved in pain.

Question 12

(Neurotransmitter) what is endorphins?

Answer 12

A collection of neurotransmitters that affect mood and reduce feelings of pain, can be seen as the body’s painkiller chemical.

Question 13

What’s the different between a motor and a sensory neuron?

Answer 13

Motor carries info from the inside whereas the sensory receives messages from the outside.

Question 14

What is an action potential?

Answer 14

An electrical impulse that moves down the neuron and along the axon

Question 15

What is the central nervous system made up of?

Answer 15

The spinal cord and brain.

Question 16

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

Answer 16

Somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic.

Question 17

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

Answer 17

Brain stem, cerebellum & cerebral hemispheres.

Question 18

What does the brain stem do?

Answer 18

Controls basic functions such as sleeping and waking & bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate

Question 19

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 19

It is involved in regulating movement and sense of balance

Question 20

What is the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 20

These perform higher function concerned with hearing, vision and memory

Question 21

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 21

Made up of neurons that transmit messages or information to and from the central nervous system

Question 22

What is Somatic?

Answer 22

It transmits info from our senses through receptors to the central nervous system

Question 23

What is autonomic ?

Answer 23

Transmits info to and from internal bodily organs

Question 24

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 24

It works without conscious control

Question 25

What does the sympathetic do?

Answer 25

Prepares the body for action in threatening situations

Question 26

What does the parasympathetic do?

Answer 26

Supports normal body activity, considering and storing bodily energy.

Question 27

Examples of what happens in the sympathetic ?

Answer 27

- dilates pupils - increases heart rate - sweat

Question 28

Examples of what happens in the parasympathetic?

Answer 28

- contracts pupils - decreases heart rate - increases ruination by contracting the bladder

Question 29

What is the endocrine system made up of?

Answer 29

A number of gland that secrete chemicals, called hormones in the bloodstream.

Question 30

What are the main glands of the endocrine system?

Answer 30

Pineal gland, hypothalamus, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pancreas , testes & ovaries.

Question 31

Where is the pituitary gland located & what does it do?

Answer 31

Middle of the brain & it regulates and stimulates other glands.

Question 32

Where is the hypothalamus & what does it do?

Answer 32

It's a small structure in the brain, it controls the pituitary gland and hence the whole of the endocrine system

Question 33

What does the parathyroid gland do?

Answer 33

Releases hormones

Question 34

What are the testes and ovaries?

Answer 34

- Testes are in the male and release the male hormone testosterone. - Ovaries are in the female and release their hormones oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 35

Where are the adrenal glands located and what do they do?

Answer 35

Located immediately above the kidneys, they secrete a number of chemicals. Chemicals prepare the body in an emergency for fight or flight.

Question 36

What is adrenalin?

Answer 36

Stress hormone

Question 37

What is the fast chemical response?

Answer 37

Where the brain stimulated the sympathetic nervous system, this instructs the adrenal gland to release the hormone adrenalin, experienced in stress or high anxiety.

Question 38

What is the slow chemical response?

Answer 38

Where hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary glands, then instructs the adrenal gland to release a hormone called cortisol into the brain, this inhibits reproductive functions and allows glucose the be release into bloodstream

Question 39

What is the FIGHT OR FLIGHT response?

Answer 39

Where adrenalin or/and noradrenalin which are stress hormones get released into bloodstream. Stimulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.