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Science > Biological Diversity > Flashcards

Biological Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that have the same basic structure.

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2
Q

Biological Diversity

A

Describes the variety of species and ecosystems on earth and the ecological processes they are part of.

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

An environment where living things interact with other living/non-living things

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4
Q

Symbiosis

A

Association between members of different species

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5
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits and the other doesn’t benefit or get hurt

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

Both benefit

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7
Q

Parasitism

A

One benefits and other is hurt

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8
Q

Interspecies competition

A

2 or more different species using the same limited resource

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9
Q

Niche

A

What an organism eats, where it lives, how it reproduces

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10
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

Dividing resources for coexisting species using the same limited resource while having slightly different niches

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11
Q

Variability

A

Variation within a species

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12
Q

Natural Selection

A

When the environment selects which species will survive long enough to reproduce

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13
Q

Non-heritable characteristics

A

A skill you learn

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14
Q

Discrete variation

A

A trait that you either have or don’t

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15
Q

Continuous Variation

A

A trait that varies in shapes and sizes

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16
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Involves only 1 individual and results in identical offspring

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17
Q

Binary Fission

A

Cells divide equally producing 2 identical individuals

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18
Q

Budding

A

Parent develops bud or smaller version of itself that eventually detaches

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19
Q

Spores

A

Similar to seeds, offsprings develops distance from parent

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20
Q

Vegetative Reproduction

A

Multicellular structures become detached from parent and grows to become genetically identical to parent

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21
Q

Gametes

A

Sex Cells

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22
Q

Sperm Cells

A

Male sex cells

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23
Q

Egg cells (ova)

A

Female gametes fertilized by sperm cells

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24
Q

Fertilization

A

The process of male and female gametes uniting

25
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg cell, result of fertilization

26
Q

Cleavage

A

Cell division after zygote is formed

27
Q

Embryo

A

Result of cleavage process

28
Q

Pollen

A

Contains male gametes in plants

29
Q

Stamen

A

Male part of the flower

30
Q

Ovules

A

Sac containing female sex cells

31
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive organ in plants

32
Q

Pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

33
Q

Anther

A

Part of stamen that produces pollen

34
Q

Stigma

A

Female part of the flower that receives pollen

35
Q

Cross pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from anther of one plant to stigma of another by wind, water, animals

36
Q

Cross fertilization

A

result of cross pollination

37
Q

Style

A

Structure that supports the stigma and connects to the ovary

38
Q

Ovary

A

Female reproductive organ in which egg cells are produced

39
Q

Genetic Code

A

“Rungs of ladder” Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine and Guanine

40
Q

Chromosomes

A

Packages of DNA that contains specific instructions for the organism

41
Q

Gene

A

Instructions for organism

42
Q

Alleles

A

Genes that come in different forms

43
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division producing 2 daughter cells (growth and repair cells) My-toe-cells!

44
Q

Meiosis

A

Produces 4 daughter cells ( process needed to make gametes for reproduction)

45
Q

Purebred

A

When individual have been bred due to ancestors who had the same traits

46
Q

Hybrid

A

When 2 purebreds cross

47
Q

Dominant Trait

A

observed when 2 opposite acting alleles are inbred

48
Q

Recessive Trait

A

When 2 opposite acting alleles are inherited

49
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

When 2 alleles are present but neither gene is dominant

50
Q

Extirpation

A

Species is extinct from a certain area

51
Q

Special Concern

A

A species that may become threatened or endangered in the near future

52
Q

Overspecialization

A

Species has adapted to only a small set of environmental conditions

53
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Humans using science to determine how a species reproduces and what offspring it will have

54
Q

Biotechnology

A

Using science and technology to control organisms

55
Q

Artificial Insemination

A

Manually putting semen into a female

56
Q

In Vitro Fertilization

A

Fertilizes egg in a petri-dish and insert embryo into female

57
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

Any technology that directly alters the DNA of an organism

58
Q

Ex-situ Conservation

A

Maintenance of organisms outside of their natural habitat

59
Q

In-situ Conservation

A

Maintenance of organisms in the wild

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