biological ex - genetic

Question 1

what is the genetic explanation for offending?

Answer 1

offenders inherit a gene or combination of, that predispose them to commit crime.

Question 2

what are the 3 genetic explanations?

Answer 2

twin/adoption studies, candidate genes and diathesis stress model

Question 3

twin studies evidence?

Answer 3

Christiansen (1977): concordance rates for offending behaviour of 35% (MZ) and 13% (DZ).

Question 4

adoption studies evidence?

Answer 4

Crowe (1972): 50% risk of criminal record for adopted children whose biological mothers had criminal record (only 5% when mothers had no record).

Question 5

what is the evidence from candidate genes?

Answer 5

Tihonen et al (2015)
Genetic analysis 800 Finnish offenders, MAOA gene regulates serotonin, linked to aggression.
CDH13 linked to substance abuse and ADHD.

Question 6

evidence from diathesis stress model?

Answer 6

Offending behaviour is due to a combination of inherited factors and environmental influences.

Question 7

ao3 issues with twin evidence?

Answer 7

limitation
assumption of equal environments, applies more to MZ twins, concordance rate due to similarity of treatment.

Question 8

ao3 support of diathesis stress model? +cp

Answer 8

strength
Mednick et al (1984),
20% adoptees hd convictions when 1 biological parent did too, shows role of genetic inheritance.

cp- only 20%, not strong relationship