Biological Explanation Of OCD Flashcards
(9 cards)
Biological approach (in the context of OCD)
-It explains OCD as being due to faulty physical processes, this physical fault is either genetic or chemical.
-These physical faults are rooted in the physical structure of one’s DNA, which then codes the behaviour of one’s neurotransmitters.
Genetic explanation of OCD
-OCD is not caused by one gene, it is polygenic.
-There is thought to be a set of genes one can inherit from parents that put you at a vulnerability of developing OCD.
-Analysis has found over 200 ‘candidate genes.’
-For example there is the SERT gene, which influences the reuptake process in the serotonin system.
-Other genes linked to OCD include, gene ‘9’ and the ‘COMT’ gene.
-Given so many candidate genes have been identified, it suggests OCD is polygenic.
-Therefore OCD is said to come as a result of a range of genetic changes.
Candidate gene
-A gene that is believed to be related to a condition or physical trait.
-These genes are believed to be related to this condition as they are frequently found within the genetic structure of those with the condition.
Neural explanation of OCD
-Includes biochemical causes, an imbalance of neurotransmitters and the large neural structures of the brain.
-For example, unnatural levels of serotonin has been linked to OCD.
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Serotonin in the context of OCD.
-Low serotonin levels are thought to cause obsessive thoughts.
-Low serotonin is likely due to reuptake happening too quickly and not being able to stimulate the post synaptic cell correctly.
-The ‘SERT’ gene is the gene that is responsible for the serotonin transportation in the synapse, hence why it is linked with OCD.
The worry circuit(Biological explanation of obsessions)
-Made up of the orbitofrontal Cortex and the basal ganglia system
-These two systems are overactive in those with OCD.
-When the system is hyperactive even small worries will get to the thalamus.
-When these reach the thalamus they then loop back to the OFC.
-This then causes recurring obsessive thoughts as the small worries are no longer filtered out.
Basal ganglia system
-Made up of the cordate nucleus and the thalamus.
-Filters out minor worries that come from the OFC, (when typically functioning).
Repetitive motor function(Compulsion in the context of bio)
-Ones attempt to break the worry circuit.
-While carrying out the compulsion may temporarily relieve the hyperactive basal ganglia, the obsession will soon restart again as the basal ganglia is still hyperactive.
