Biological factors Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
Disease agent for Equine encephalitis
A
Virus
2
Q
Disease agent for Colorado tick fever
A
Virus
3
Q
Disease agent for Yellow fever
A
 Virus
4
Q
Disease agent for infectious hepatitis
A
Virus
5
Q
Disease agent for Poliomyelitis
A
Virus
6
Q
Disease agent for rabies
A
Virus
7
Q
Disease agent for Vibrio cholerae
A
Bacteria
8
Q
Disease agent for Vibrio parahemolyticus
A
Bacteria
9
Q
Disease agent for Psittacosis chlamydia (Psittacosis/Ornithosis)?
A
Bacteria
10
Q
Disease agent for Salmonellae (Salmonellosis)
A
Bacteria
11
Q
Disease agent for Salmonella typhi (Typhoid fever)
A
Bacteria
12
Q
Disease agent for Shigella (Shigellosis)
A
 Bacteria
13
Q
Disease agent for Yersinia pestis (Plague)
A
Bacteria
14
Q
Disease agent for Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
A
Bacteria
15
Q
Disease agent for Brucellae (Brucellosis, Undulant fever)
A
Bacteria
16
Q
Disease agent for Staphylococcus aureus
A
Bacteria
17
Q
Disease agent for Streptococcus pyrogens?
A
Bacteria
18
Q
Disease agent for Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
A
Bacteria
19
Q
Disease agent for Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
A
Bacteria
20
Q
Disease agent for Clostridium perfringens
A
Bacteria
21
Q
Disease agent for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
A
Bacteria
22
Q
Disease agent for Leptospiria (Leptospirosis)
A
Bacteria
23
Q
Disease agent for Borrelia recurrentis (Relapsing fever)
A
Bacteria
24
Q
Disease agent for Coccidiomycosis
A
Pathogenic fungi
25
Disease agent for Histopiasmosis
Pathogenic fungi
26
Disease agent for Candidiasis?
Pathogenic fungi
27
Disease agent for Blastomycosis
Pathogenic fungi
28
Disease agent for Tinea
Pathogenic fungi
29
Disease agent for Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky mountain spotted fever)
Bacteria
30
Disease agent of Coxiella burneti (Q fever)
Bacteria/rickettsia
31
Disease agent for Typhus fever
Bacteria/Rickettsia
32
Disease agent for a rickettsia prowazeki (endemic flea borne typhus fever or Murine typhus)
Bacteria
33
Disease agent for Rickettsia prowazeki var. prowazeki (epidemic louse-born typhus fever)
Bacteria
34
Disease agent for Gonyaulax catenella (paralytic shellfish poisoning, red tide)
Algae
35
Disease agent for Entameba histolytica (Amebic dysentery, amebiasis)
Protozoan
36
Disease agent for Giardia lamblia (Giardiasis)
Protozoan
37
Disease agent for all plasmodium varients
Protozoan
38
Disease agent for leishmaniasis
Protozoan
39
Disease agent for Trypanosomiasis
Protozoan
40
Disease agent for Toxoplasmosis
Protozoan
41
Disease agent for Schistosoma (Schistosomiasis, blood fluke)
Trematodes parasites
42
Disease agent for Taenia (beef and pork tapeworm)
Cestodes parasites
43
Disease agent for Necator and Ancylostoma (Hookworms)
Nematodes parasites
44
Disease agent for Enterobius (Pinworm)
Nematodes parasites
45
Disease agent for Ascaris (Roundworm)
Nematodes parasites
46
Disease agent for Trichinella (Trichinosis)
Nematodes parasites
47
Disease agent for Onchocera volvulus (Onchocerciasis)
Nematodes parasites
48
Disease agent for Wuchereria (Filariasis)
Filaria parasites
49
Equine encephalitis mode of transmission
Culex species
50
Equine encephalitis reservoir
Probably birds, small rodents, reptile and amphibians
51
Equine encephalitis incubation period
5-15 days
52
Equine encephalitis symptoms
Affects brain, spinal cord and meninges; high fever, stupor, spasticity, tremor
53
Colorado tick fever mode of transmission
Dermacentor andersoni (hard tick)
54
Colorado tick fever reservoir
Small mammals
55
Colorado tick fever incubation period
4-5 days
56
Colorado tick fever symptoms
Acute fever, remission and recurrence lasting 2-3 days
57
Yellow fever mode of transmission
Aedes aegypti
58
Yellow fever reservoir
Man, Aedes aegypti, monkeys
59
Yellow fever incubation period
3-6 days
60
Yellow fever symptoms
sudden fever onset, headache, nausea, vomiting, jaundice
61
Infectious hepatitis mode of transmission
Through contact, water, milk and food
62
Infectious hepatitis reservoir
Man
63
Infectious hepatitis incubation period
15-50 days, commonly 25
64
Infectious hepatitis symptoms
Fever, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice, necrosis of liver
65
Poliomyelitis mode of transmission
Oral contact, milk
66
Poliomyelitis reservoir
Man
67
Poliomyelitis Incubation period
7-12 days; ranging to 3-21
68
Poliomyelitis symptoms
Fever, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance, stiffness of the neck and back with or without paralysis
69
Rabies mode of transmission
Bite of rabid animal; airborne spread from bats to man in caves with many bats
70
Rabies reservoir
Small carnivores including bats
71
Rabies incubation period
4-6 weeks
72
Rabies symptoms
Almost always fatal form of encephalitis; headache, fever, paralysis
73
Order of Vibrio Cholerae
Order Pseudomonadales
74
Order of Vibrio parahemolyticus
Order Pseudomonadales
75
Order of Psittacosis chlamydia
Order Chlamydobacteriales
76
Order of Salmonellae
Order Eubacterides
77
Order of Salmonella typhi
Order Eubacterides
78
Order of Shigella
Order Eubacterides
79
Order of Yersinia pestis
Order Eubacterides
80
Order of Francisella tularensis
Order Eubacterides
81
Order of Brucellae
Order Eubacterides
82
Order of Staphylococcus aureus
Order Eubacterides
83
Order of Streptococcus pyrogenes
Order Eubacterides
84
Order of Bacillus anthracis
Order Eubacterides
85
Order of Clostridium botulinum
Order Eubacterides
86
Order of Clostridium perfringens
Order Eubacterides
87
Order of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Order Actinomycetales
88
Order of Leptospira
Order Spirochaetales
89
Order of Borrelia recurrentis
Order Spirochaetales
90
Vibrio cholerae mode of transmission
Water, food (fecal oral)
91
Vibrio cholerae reservoir
Man
92
Vibrio cholerae incubation period
2-3 days average
93
Vibrio cholerae symptoms
Sudden onset of vomitting, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration and collapse
94
Vibrio parahemolyticus mode of transmission
Contamination of raw foods of marine origin
95
Vibrio parahemolyticus reservoir
Seawater, marine life
96
Vibrio parahemolyticus incubation period
2-48 hours; usually 12 hours
97
Vibrio parahemolyticus symptoms
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever
98
Psittacosis chlamydia mode of transmission
Direct contact with infected birds
99
Psittacosis chlamydia reservoir
Parakeets, parrots, pigeons and other birds
100
Psittacosis chlamydia Incubation period
4-15 days
101
Psittacosis chlamydia symptoms
Fever, headache and early pneumonic involvement
102
Salmonellae mode of transmission
Foods, especially meat pies, poultry, dairy products
103
Salmonellae reservoir
Man, domestic and wild animals
104
Salmonellae incubation period
12-24 hours average
105
Salmonellae symptoms
Acute infection with sudden abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and fever
106
Salmonellae agent
More than 800 serotypes
107
Salmonella typhi mode of transmission
Direct or indirect contact with patient or carrier, raw fruits, veggies, dairy products, shellfish and water
108
Salmonella typhi reservoir
Man, including carriers
109
Salmonella typhi incubation period
Average of 2 weeks
110
Salmonella typhi symptoms
Continued fever, slow pulse, ulceration of Peyer's patches, rose spots on trunk; constipation
111
Shigella mode of transmission
Objects of food contamination with feces
112
Shigella reservoir
Man
113
Shigella incubation period
1-7 days; usually less than 4
114
Shigella symptoms
Diarrhea, fever, cramps, vomiting
115
Yersinia pestis mode of transmission
Bite of an infective rat flea or contact or airborne route from infected persons
116
Yersinia pestis reservoir
Wild rodents, rats
117
Yersinia pestis incubation period
2-6 days
118
Yersinia pestis symptoms
High fever, fall in blood pressure, rapid pulse, convulsions, coma
119
Yersinia pestis types
Bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic
120
Francisella tularensis mode of transmission
Inoculation of skin or conductive through handling of infected animals or through bite of deerfly or tick
121
Francisella tularensis reservoir
Numerous wild animals
122
Francisella tularensis incubation period
1-10 days; usually 3
123
Francisella tularensis symptoms
Chills and fever, ulcer at site of infection, swollen lymph nodes
124
Brucellae mode of transmission
Contact with infected animals, especially milk or dairy products
125
Brucellae reservoir
Cattle, swine, sheep, goat and horses
126
Brucellae incubation period
5-21 days; highly variable
127
Brucellae symptoms
Irregular fever, chills, headache, may become chronic over several years
128
Brucellae Milk Ring Test
Is inoculated with stained brucella antigen which agglutinates and forms blue ring at top
129
Staphylococcus aureus mode of transmission
Direct contact with infected person or indirectly through goods
130
Staphylococcus aureus reservoir
Man including subclinical carriers
131
Staphylococcus aureus incubation period
Food poisoning 1-6 hours
132
Staphylococcus aureus symptoms
Abrupt severe nausea, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea: no fever
133
Staphylococcus aureus (bovine mastitis)
An important hospital and nursery pathogen
134
Streptococcus pyrogenes mode of transmission
Direct contact airborne droplet spread or contaminated food and milk
135
Streptococcus pyrogenes reservoir
Man including carriers
136
Streptococcus pyrogenes symptoms
Sore throat with other possible complications
137
Bacillus anthracis mode of transmission
Contact with animal tissues including hide and hair products
138
Bacillus anthracis reservoir
Cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs and others
139
Bacillus anthracis incubation period
Less than 4 days, average
140
Bacillus anthracis symptoms
Skin lesions processing to tissues; inhalation anthrax begins like upper respiratory infection followed by fever and shock in 3-5 days and death shortly thereafter. Inhalation and gastrointestinal anthrax are highly fatal, but rare
141
Clostridium botulinum mode of transmission
Food, especially inadequately canned or processed, then eaten without cooking
142
Clostridium botulinum reservoir
Soil and intestinal tract of animals
143
Clostridium botulinum incubation period
12-36 hours
144
Clostridium botulinum symptoms
Highly fatal, afebrile intoxication; weakness, dizziness, double vision; death from respiratory or cardiac failure
145
Clostridium perfringens mode of transmission
Foods, especially cooked meat and poultry that have been inadequately cooled
146
Clostridium perfringens reservoir
Soil and animal feces
147
Clostridium perfringens incubation period
Average 8-12 hours
148
Clostridium perfringens symptoms
Abdominal pain, diarrhea
149
Mycobacterium tuberculosis mode of transmission
Contact with patients with open lesions or ingestion of unpasteurized milk of infected cows
150
Mycobacterium tuberculosis reservoir
Man, cattle
151
Mycobacterium tuberculosis incubation period
4-6 weeks to show lesions
152
Mycobacterium tuberculosis symptoms
Chronic disease; primary skin lesions heal, but occasionally lead to pulmonary tuberculosis; characterized by arrest and remission, cough, fever, fatigue and weight loss
153
Leptospira mode of transmission
Contact with water contaminated by urine of infected animals
154
Leptospira reservoir
Domestic and wild animals
155
Leptospira incubation period
Averages 10 days
156
Leptospira symptoms
Fever, chills, headaches, conjunctivitis, muscular pain
157
Borrelia recurrentis mode of transmission
Crushing of infective tick or louse, Pedicures humanus, into bite-wound or skin abrasion
158
Borrelia recurrentis reservoir
Louse-borne: man, tick-borne; wild rodents
159
Borrelia recurrentis incubation period
Usually 8 days
160
Borrelia recurrentis symptoms
Short, fever periods alternating with non-fever periods with several relapse; rashes
161
Borrelia recurrentis unclassified
Legionaires bacteria
162
Rickettsia rickettsii mode of transmission
Bite of infected tick, Dermacentor & Amblyomma species
163
Rickettsia rickettsii reservoir
Rodents, dogs, ticks, rabbits
164
Rickettsia rickettsii incubation period
3-10 days
165
Rickettsia rickettsii symptoms
Sudden onset of fever lasting about 2 weeks; rash develops on upper and spreads
166
Coxiella burneti mode of transmission
Direct airborne and raw milk
167
Coxiella burneti reservoir
Ticks, wild animals
168
Coxiella burneti incubation period
2-3 weeks
169
Coxiella burneti symptoms
Sudden onset with chills, headache, weakness, sweating; pneumonitis with mild cough and chest pain
170
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi mode of transmission
Bite of infected larval mites
171
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi reservoir
Mites and wild rodents
172
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi incubation period
Usually 10-12 days
173
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi symptoms
Onset of fever, headache, trunk lesions, pneumonitis
174
Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi mode of transmission
Infected fleas Xenopsylla cheopis defecated bite wound
175
Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi reservoir
Rats
176
Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi incubation period
6-14 days
177
Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi symptoms
Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache
178
Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki modę of transmission
Body lice, Pediculus humanus defecate in bite wound
179
Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki reservoir
Man
180
Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki incubation period
Usually 12 days
181
Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki symptoms
Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache; more serious than above
182
Gonyaulax catenella mode of transmission
Shellfish, especially mussels and clams concentrate the toxin
183
Gonyaulax catenella reservoir
Oceans
184
Gonyaulax catenella incubation period
Less than an hour
185
Gonyaulax catenella symptoms
Numbness around lips, incoherent speech, respiratory paralysis (neurotoxin)
186
Entameba histolytica mode of transmission
Water, raw vegetables, flies and soiled hands
187
Entameba histolytica reservoir
Man
188
Entameba histolytica incubation period
Usually 3-4 weeks
189
Entameba histolytica symptoms
Mild abdominal discomfort, diarrhea alternating with constipation or chronic or acute diarrhea with mucus and blood; may spread to other organs
190
Giardia lamblia mode of transmission
Water, especially mountain streams and lakes
191
Giardia lamblia reservoir
Beaver, deer, elk, man
192
Giardia lamblia symptoms
Chronic diarrhea, attacks duodenum and gall bladder
193
Plasmodium variants mode of transmission
Bite of infective Anopheles mosquito
194
Plasmodium variants reservoir
Man
195
Plasmodium variants incubation period
12-14 days
196
Plasmodium variants symptoms
Chills, fever, headache, nausea, profuse sweating; cyclic attacks, may become chronic
197
Schistosoma mode of transmission
Enter skin from water contaminated with urine
198
Schistosoma reservoir
Man; freshwater snails are part of life cycle
199
Taenia mode of transmission
Ingestion raw or inadequately cooked meat or by fecal oral route
200
Taenia reservoir
Man
201
Necator and Ancylostoma mode of transmission
Eggs in feces develop in soil then penetrate the skin, usually the bear foot
202
Necator and Ancylostoma reservoir
Man
203
Enterobius mode of transmission
Feces to oral route
204
Enterobius reservoir
Man
205
Ascaris mode of transmission
Feces to soil to oral route
206
Ascaris reservoir
Man
207
Trichinella mode of transmission
Ingestion of inadequately cooked meat containing viable trichinae
208
Trichinella reservoir
Swine and many wild animals
209
Onchocera volvulus mode of transmission
Bite of infected black flies
210
Onchocera volvulus reservoir
Man
211
Wuchereia mode of transmission
Bite of mosquito harboring organisms
212
Wuchereia reservoir
Man
