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Physical factors Flashcards

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1
Q

4 types of mechanical factors

A

Motor vehicle accidents, residence-related accidents, work related and disasters

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2
Q

Leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Motor vehicle accidents

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3
Q

Second leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Resident related accidental falls

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4
Q

Fourth leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Accidental drowning

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5
Q

Other important types of residence-related accidents

A

Open flames, hot surfaces and liquids, medicines, sharp edges, electricity and lawn mowers

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6
Q

Third leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Work-related accidents caused by fire and explosion of combustible material

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7
Q

Other important types of work-related accidents

A

Chemical burns, exposure to toxic gases and unsafe operation machinery

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8
Q

How to mitigate natural disaster damage

A

Proper land planning

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9
Q

Doubling sound pressure results in

A

An increase of 3 dB

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10
Q

Threshold of hearing

A

0 dB

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11
Q

Pain threshold

A

120 dB

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12
Q

3 effects of noise

A

Physiological, speech interference and psychological

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13
Q

Sources of noise

A

Vehicles, workplace and residence

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14
Q

Types of ionizing radiation

A

Alpha radiation, beta radiation and x-rays

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15
Q

Alpha radiation characteristics

A

Low penetration (no skin penetration), internal emitter

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16
Q

Beta radiation characteristics

A

More penetration than alpha, internal and external emitter

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17
Q

X-rays characteristics

A

Highly penetrating, external hazards

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18
Q

Ionizing radiation sources from the earth

A

Coal contains radioactive material that is released when burned

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19
Q

Ionizing radiation sources from solar radiation

A

Production of radioactive agents by cosmic radiation in the atmosphere

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20
Q

Ionizing radiation sources from man-made sources

A

Production of nuclear fuel, use of nuclear fuel, use of radioisotopes in industry, medicine and research, testing of nuclear weapons

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21
Q

4 types of radiation sources

A

Radiation from the earth, solar radiation, cosmic radiation and man-made radiation

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22
Q

Health effects of Strontium 90 and 89

A

Irradiate the skeleton

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23
Q

Health effects of Cesium 137

A

Irradiates soft tissues

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24
Q

Health effects of Carbon 14

A

Produces whole body radiation

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25
Health effects of Iodine 131
Irradiates the thyroid gland
26
Acute clinical effects of radiation poisoning
Loss of hair, skin ulcers, damage to blood-forming organs
27
Acute radiation poisoning lethal dose
350-400 rem
28
Chronic radiation poisoning early signs
Changes in texture and pigmentation of the skin
29
Leukemia demonstrated in
Early radiologists and victims of atomic bombings
30
Skin cancer demonstrated in
Early radiologists
31
Thyroid cancer demonstrated in
Children receiving neck x-rays
32
Lung cancer demonstrated in
Occupationally exposed workers in metal and uranium mining
33
Bone cancer demonstrated in
Radium dial painters
34
Cataracts demonstrated in
Atomic bombing victims
35
Shortened life span demonstrated in
Bombing victims, radiologists and animals
36
Teratogenicity demonstrated in
Genetic injury
37
Types of non-ionizing radiation
Ultra-violet radiation, visible energy, infrared radiation, microwaves and radio waves and lasers
38
Ultra-violet radiation sources
Disinfectant properties, fluorescent lights, direct sunlight, electric welding arcs, photo engraving
39
Ultra-violet radiation health effects
Inflammation of the cornea and skin burn
40
Visible energy sources
Sunlight, artificial light
41
Visible energy health effects
Inadequate lighting causes eye fatigue, headache and sunburn
42
Infrared radiation sources
Paint drying, dehydration textiles, paper and other materials
43
Infrared radiation health effects
Eye injury and production of cataracts and skin burn
44
Microwaves and radio waves sources
Television, FM and radar transmitters, medical diathermy, microwave ovens
45
Microwaves and radio waves health effects
Heating of tissues, lower frequencies penetrated deeper into tissues, especially at exposures of less than 3000 MH2, also possible cataract and gonadal damage may result
46
Laser description
High intensity light radiation of a single wave length
47
Laser health effects
Primarily eye hazard
48
Heat health effects
Sunstroke, heat exhaustions, lowered production
49
Cold and windchill health effects
Lowered production, frostbite and hypothermia
50
Pressure health effects
Hypoxia (altitude sickness) decompression and compression (bends)
51
Humidity health effects
High humidity contributes to heat stress
52
5 types of particulates
Dust, smoke, fume, aerosols, mists
53
Dust particle characteristics
Solid airborne particles 0.1-25 microns in size
54
Dust sources
Atomspheric, industrial and mining
55
Dust health effects
Pneumoconiosis
56
Smoke particle characteristics
Carbon particle less than 0.1 microns
57
Smoke source
Combustion
58
Smoke health effects
Bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer
59
Fume particle characteristics
Solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state
60
Fume source
Metals such as ZN and Fe
61
Fume health effects
Fume fever, respiratory impairment
62
Aerosols droplet characteristics
Liquid droplets suspended in air over long times
63
Mists droplet characteristics
Suspended droplets that fall out quickly
64
7 toxic and corrosive gases
Carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, oxidants, chlorine, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
65
Criteria air pollutants
Carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, oxidants
66
Carbon monoxide source
Incomplete combustion of fuel, especially from motor vehicles
67
Carbon monoxide general, acute and chronic health effects
General: has a greater affinity to hemoglobin Acute: headache, dizziness, fatigue, psychomotor impairment, death Chronic: damage to the heart; may induce atherosclerosis
68
Sulfur oxides source
Combustion of fossil fuels
69
Sulfur oxides health effects
As synergen with particulates, SO2 has been associated with greater mortality and respiratory irritant, causing pulmonary edema
70
Nitrogen oxides source
Naturally occurring and from combustion of fossil fuels
71
Nitrogen oxides acute health effects
Respiratory irritant and can cause pulmonary edema and death
72
Oxidants source
Produced in the atmosphere by complex reactions with other pollutants especially oxides of nitrogen
73
Oxides acute and chronic health effects
Acute: pulmonary edema, decreased lung function Chronic: pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and bronchitis have been produced in lab animals, may produce again of alveolar wall
74
4 explosive and combustible gases
Acetylene, butane, formaldehyde methane, picric acid

Rehs (14 decks)

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