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Psychology/Soc > Biological Foundations of Behavior > Flashcards

Biological Foundations of Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

three kinds of nerve cells in the nervous system

A

afferent, efferent, interneurons

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2
Q

sensory neurons

A

afferent neurons. transmit sensory information from the spinal cord to the brain (Away from spine)

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3
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent neurons. transmit motor information from the spine and brain to the glands and muscles

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4
Q

interneurons

A

found in between, majority of neurons. linked to reflexive behavior/ reflex arts.

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5
Q

2 parts of human nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spine

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7
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

somatic and autonomic. made up of tissues and fibers outside of brain and spine

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8
Q

somatic nervous system

A

sensory and motor neurons

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9
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

regulates heart beat, respiration, digestion, etc. INVOLUNTARY. independent of conscious control. 2 divisions- parasympathetic, sympathetic

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10
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest. conserve energy. increases digestion/peristalsis, reduce heart rate, constricts the bronchi, constricts pupils, contracts bladder, stimulates bile

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11
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter responsible for PNS responses

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12
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight. increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits salivation, relaxes bronchi, inhibits bladder contraction

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13
Q

epinephrine

A

gets released during sympathetic responses

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14
Q

meninges

A

thick sheath of connective tissue covering the brain. helps protect the brain, anchor it and resorb cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

layers of the meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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16
Q

3 subdivisions of the brain

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

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17
Q

hindbrain

A

vital functions for surviving. respiration, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, sleep. parts: medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum

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18
Q

medulla oblongata

A

OBLIGATED TO BREATHE- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

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19
Q

pons

A

sleep on the bed!

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20
Q

cerebellum

A

posture and balance. (alcohol impairs)

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21
Q

midbrain

A

involuntary reflex responses triggered by visual or auditory stimuli.

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22
Q

superior colliculus

A

visual sensory input (superman vision)

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23
Q

inferior colliculus

A

auditory system

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24
Q

forebrain

A

complex perceptual, behavioral, cognitive processes and emotion and memory

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25
thalamus
sensory information relay station- EXCEPT SMELL
26
hypothalamus
4 Fs- feeding, fighting, flighting, fucking. endorcine functions, homeostatic functions, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior
27
lateral hypothalamus
LH- lacks hunger when destroyed. triggers eating and drinking
28
ventromedial hypothalamus
VMH- very much hunger when destroyed. tells you when to stop eating
29
anterior hypothalamus
controls sexual behavior. when destroyed= asexual
30
basal ganglia
coordinate muscle movement. Parkinsons disease- damage to this area
31
limbic system
emotion and memory. includes amygdala, septal nuclei, hippocampus
32
septal nuclei
one of the primary pleasure centers
33
amygdala
fear, rage, aggressive violence
34
hippocampus
learning and memory
35
anterograde amnesia
can not establish NEW long-term memories
36
retrograde amnesia
memory loss of old events
37
cerebral cortex
four lobes- F-POT, frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal.
38
frontal lobe
executive function, association area-regulates functions from other parts of the brain. motor cortex-voluntary motor movements . broca's area
39
broca's area
speech production
40
dominant hemisphere
left. language, logic, math
41
parietal lobe
somatosensory information processing- touch, pressure, temperature, pain. spatial processing and manipulation
42
occipital lobe
visual cortex
43
temporal lobe
auditory cortex, memory, emotion and language. Wernickes area
44
Wernicke's area
language reception and comprehension
45
contralaterally
neurons on the left side of the brain control movements on the right side of the body
46
ipsilaterally
same hemisphere/same side of body. such as hearing
47
non-dominant
right side. intuition, creativity, music cognition
48
acetylcholine
efferent limb of somatic nervous system, PNS- sweat glands, CNS- attention and arousal. Alzheimers disease-loss of cholinergic neurons
49
epinephrine/norepinephrine
catecholamines-emotions. fight/flight. epinephrine=adrenaline. norepinephrine- more local. depression- low levels of norepinephrine
50
dopamine
movement and posture. schizophrenia- imbalances, too much dopamine in the brain.
51
serotonin
mood, eating, sleeping, and dreaming. too much-manic, too little= depression
52
GABA and glycine
brain "stabilization"
53
glutamate
brain excitation
54
endorphins
natural painkillers
55
neurulation
3-4 weeks. forms neural groove and neural folds which then forms the dorsal root ganglia, melanocytes and calcitonin, the neural tube forms the CNS
56
rooting reflex
automatic turning head in the direction of a stimulus that touches the cheek- nipple during feeding
57
moro reflex
disappears after 4 months. flinging arms and hands out during abrupt situation
58
babinski reflex
toes spread out when stimulated
59
grasping reflex
infant closes his or her fingers around an object placed in their hand
60
stranger anxiety
develop at around 7 months and 12 months- parents are the infants life. anxiety when seperated
61
parallel play
age 2- children play alongside each other without influencing their behaviors
62
gender identity in children
formed around age 3- gender appropriate play
63
conformity in children
by age 5

Psychology/Soc (14 decks)

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