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Psychology/Soc > Individual Influences on Behavior > Flashcards

Individual Influences on Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

include rewards, avoid punishments- tangible rewards

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2
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

interest in a task, pure enjoyment.

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3
Q

instinct theory of motivation

A

people driven to do certain behaviors based on instincts

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4
Q

arousal theory of motivation

A

people perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal

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5
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

U-shaped graph, performance worse at high and low levels of arousal. Best at intermediate level

For cognitive/complex tasks, low level is better. for physical endurance,simple tasks, high level of arousal is better.

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6
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

motivation is based on the drive to eliminate anything uncomfortable

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7
Q

Need-Based Theories

A

motivation is how we use our energy/resources to satisfy our needs

Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs
Self-Determination Theory- 3 universal needs: autonomy, competence, relatedness

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8
Q

incentive theory

A

desire to pursue awards and avoid punishments

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9
Q

expectancy value theory

A

amount of motivation= individuals expectation of success in reaching goal + degree to which they value succeeding

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10
Q

Opponent-Process theory

A

explains drug use. withdrawl sx that your body does creates a dependence on the drug

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11
Q

Maslows Hierachy of Needs

A

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

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12
Q

personality

A

thoughts, feelings, traits, behaviors (how we act)

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13
Q

Freud- id

A

basic, primal , inborn urges to survive and reproduce

functions according to pleasure principles, gaining immediate gratification

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14
Q

Freud- ego

A

functions according to the reality principle (postpones pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained)

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15
Q

Freud-superego

A

focused on ideal self, perfectionist

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16
Q

defense mechanisms

A

ego’s way or relieving anxiety caused by id/superego clash

they all deny reality and they operate unconsciously

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17
Q

repression defense mechanism

A

unconsciously removing an idea/feeling from consciousness

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18
Q

suppression defense mechanism

A

consciously removing an idea/feeling from consciousness

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19
Q

regression defense mechanism

A

returning to an earlier stage of development - ex: speaking like a baby

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20
Q

reaction formation defense mechanism

A

unacceptable impulse transformed into opposite - ex: 2 people always fighting bc they actually like each other

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21
Q

projection defense mechanism

A

attribution of wishes, thoughts, desires to someone else

ex: man who cheated claims his wife is cheating

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22
Q

rationalization

A

justification of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

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23
Q

displacement

A

changing the target of an emotion, while the feelings remain the same- ex: taking anger on something/someone else

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24
Q

sublimation

A

channeling an unacceptable impulse into a socially acceptable direction

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25
Jungian archetypes
persona- how we present to the world anima- a "mans inner woman" animus- a "womens inner man" shadow- unpleasant and social unacceptable thoughs, feelings and actions
26
Jungs Dichotomy
extraversion vs. inversion sensing vs. intuiting thinking vs. feeling
27
the big 5 traits of personality
``` OCEAN O-openness C- conscientiousness E- extraversion A- agreeableness N- neuroticism ```
28
biomedical vs biopsychosocial approach to psych disorders
biomedical approach- symptom reduction, narrow view biopsychosocial approach- biological, psychological and social components to an individuals disorder. direct therapy but also indirect therapy which aims to increase social support
29
Scizophrenia
psychotic disorder delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors (positive symptoms) + negative symptoms
30
positive symptoms vs negative symptoms
positive symptoms- behaviors, thoughts, feelings added to normal behavior negative symptoms- absence of normal or desired behavior
31
delusions
reference- common elements in environment directed towards the individual persecution- person is being discriminated against or threatened Grandeur- belief that you're remarkable in some way
32
hallucinations
not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality
33
disorganized thought
loosening of associations, word salads, or making up new words (neologisms)
34
disorganized behavior
inability to carry out daily living | catatonia-spontaneous movement
35
downward drift hypothesis
schizo causes decline in socioeconomic status
36
major depressive disorder
at least one episode, at least 2 week of at least the 5 following symptoms: SIG E CAPS sadness, sleep, interest, guilt, energy, concentration, appetite, psychomotor sx and suicidal thoughts
37
dysthmia
depressed mood that isn't severe enough to be diagnosed with MDD
38
seasonal affective disorder
seasonal onset of disorder, present in winter months | can be treated with bright light therapy
39
manic episodes
abnormal and elevated mood lasting at least one week with at least 3 of the following symptoms: DIG FAST distractible, insomnia, grandiosity, flight of ideas (racing thoughts), agitation, speech, and thoughtlessness
40
bipolar I vs bipolar II
bipolar I has manic episodes with or without major depressive disorders bipolar II- hypomania with at least one major depressive episode
41
monoamine or catecholamine theory of depression
too much norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse leads to mania, too little leads to depression
42
generalized anxiety disorder
disproportionate and persistent worry about many different thing
43
specific phobias
phobia produced by specific object
44
social anxiety disorder
anxiety in social situations
45
agoraphobia
fear in being places which may be hard to escape
46
panic disorder
repeated panic attacks
47
OCD
obsessions and compulsions. | obsessions raise the individuals stress level, compulsions reduce stress level
48
body dysmorphic disorder
negative evaluation of persons appearance
49
dissociative amnesia
inability to recall past experiences, linked to trauma
50
dissociative identity disorder
two or more personalities that recurrently take control of a persons behavior
51
depersonalization
individuals feel detached from their own body and mind
52
somatic symptom disorder
disproportionate concerns about a medical conditions seriousness
53
illness anxiety disorder
consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition
54
conversion disorder
unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions
55
ego syntonic
individual happy with their behaviors
56
ego dystonic
sees the illness as bothersome
57
clusters of personality disorders
3 W weird, wild, worried weird-paranoid, schizo wild- antisocial, borderline worried- OCD, avoidant personality disorder, dependent
58
causes of schizophrenia
genes, hypoxemia, excessive marijuana, excess of dopmaine
59
causes of depression
high glucose in the amygdala, hippocampus atrophy, high levels of cortisol, decreased norepinephrine, serotonin or dopamine
60
causes of bipolar
increased norepinephrine and serotonin, genes
61
alzheimers disease
atrophy of the brain, enlarged cerebral ventricles, reduction in acetylcholine, neurofibrillary tangles
62
parkinsons disease
bradykinesia, resting tremor, masklike, shuffling gait, stooped posture causes- decreased dopamine production in basal ganglia
63
components of attitude
A- affective (emotional) B- behavioral C- cognitive (justficiation)
64
functional attitudes theory
attitudes serve 4 functions- knowledge, ego-expressive (solidify our self identity), ego-defensive (protecting ourselves) and adaptive
65
learning theory
attitudes developed through different forms of learning (direct contact, others attitudes, classical conditioning, operant)
66
elaboration likelihood model
separates indiv. based on their processing of persuasive information
67
central route processing
high elaboration, analyzing
68
peripheral route processing
superficial information, slogans, pictures
69
social cognitive theory
people learn how to behave and shape attitude by observing the behaviors of others Banduras triangle- 3 factors- personal, behavioral, environmenta

Psychology/Soc (14 decks)

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