Biological Foundations of Speech and Language - Anatomy/Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Power: Major Structures and Muscles of Interest Inhalation

Answer 1

Diaphragm: large muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen
External Intercostals

Question 2

Power: Major Structures and Muscles of Interest Exhalation

Answer 2

Internal Intercostals
Layers of abdominal muscles - primarily transverse abdominis

Question 3

What is Vital Capacity

Answer 3

Greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath

Question 4

What Percentage of Vital Capacity is Used in Speaking

Answer 4

Roughly 40-60%

Question 5

Major Parts of the Larynx (4 cartilage and 1 bone)

Answer 5

Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Epiglottis

Question 6

What do the Vocal Folds do for Pitch

Answer 6

Determines pitch (higher or lower) based on thickness, tension, and length of vocal folds

Question 7

What do the Vocal Folds do for Intensity

Answer 7

Produced by changes in sub glottal pressure (requires “valving” action at the folds)

Question 8

5 Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles (3 close, 1 opens, 2 control pitch)

Answer 8

Thyroarytenoid - Close/control pitch
Lateral Cricoarytenoid - Close
Interarytenoid - Close
Posterior Cricoarytenoid - Open
Cricoarytenoid - Control pitch

Question 9

Major Structures of the Vocal Tract in Lateral View

Answer 9

Trachea
Lungs
Airways
Diaphragm

Question 10

Parts of Tongue

Answer 10

Tip
Blade
Dorsum (Front, center, back)
Root

Question 11

3 Sounds in English made with Lowered Velum

Answer 11

“mm”
“nn”
“ng”

Question 12

Biological Role of Larynx

Answer 12

Helps to keep from choking on food
Provides sound source for our voice

Question 13

Frontal Lobe (Location and Function)

Answer 13

Front of brain
Initiation, planning, judgment, executive functioning, personality, memory

Question 14

Parietal Lobe (Location and Function)

Answer 14

Behind frontal lobe, top of brain
Responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, recognizes and integrates information

Question 15

Temporal Lobe (Location and Function)

Answer 15

Behind frontal lobe, bottom of the brain
Responsible for comprehension of meaningful stimuli, storing and creating new memories, processing memory and emotional reactions

Question 16

Occipital Lobe (Location and Function)

Answer 16

Back of the brain
Receives visual info from eyes, processes and interprets visual info

Question 17

Cerebellum (Location and Function)

Answer 17

Below occipital lobe
Helps control and regulate motor activity, control center for movement

Question 18

Brainstem (Location and Function)

Answer 18

In front of cerebellum, continuous with spinal cord
Relays signals (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, sleeping, etc)

Question 19

Thalamus (Location and Function)

Answer 19

Above brain stem
All sensory info passes through before arriving at the cerebral cortex

Question 20

Parts of the Brainstem

Answer 20

Connects spinal cord to cerebrum
Attachment site for most cranial nerves

Question 21

Primary Motor Cortex (Location and function)

Answer 21

Oriented along last gyrus of frontal lobe
Plays a large role in voluntary motor movement

Question 22

Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Location and function)

Answer 22

Just behind central sulcus
Receives sensory information

Question 23

Broca’s Area (Location and function)

Answer 23

Back of frontal lobe
Responsible for expressive language

Question 24

Wernicke’s Area (Location and function)

Answer 24

Left temporal lobe
Responsible for receptive language (understanding)

Question 25

5th Cranial Nerve

Answer 25

Trigeminal (Jaw)
Motor and Sensory

Question 26

7th Cranial Nerve

Answer 26

Facial (Lips, etc)
Motor and Sensory

Question 27

8th Cranial Nerve

Answer 27

Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
Sensory

Question 28

9th Cranial Nerve

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal (Throat)
Motor and Sensory

Question 29

10th Cranial Nerve

Answer 29

Vagus (Vocal Folds)
Motor and Sensory

Question 30

12th Cranial Nerve

Answer 30

Hypoglossal (Tongue)
Motor