Speech Sound Development and Disorders Flashcards
When do babies babble
5-10 months
Marginal and Canonical babble
When do babies use jargon
10-18 months
When do babies use protowords
10-18 months
Which speech sounds are considered early developing
M, P, H, W, B, N
Which speech sounds are considered late developing
TH, Z, R
Types of misarticulations with examples (SODA)
Substitution - “thing” for “sing”
Omission - “poon” for “spoon”
Distortion - “thith” for “this”
Addition - “puhlay” for “play”
Structural causes of speech sound disorders (Adults and children)
Cleft palate/lip, Macroglossia or microglossia, Tight lingual frenulum
Neurological causes of speech sound disorders (Adults and children)
Neuromotor impairments (developmental dysarthria), childhood apraxia of speech, stroke, TBI
Articulation
Motor ability
Phonology
Knowledge of the sound system
Articulation vs. Phonological Disorder
Articulation disorder - Problems forming speech sounds properly
Phonological disorder - Problems using speech sounds in the correct order
Normal Phonological Processes by Age
Context sensitive voicing - around 3
Word-final de-voicing - around 3
Final consonant deletion - around 3-4
Fronting - around 3-4
Consonant harmony - around 3-4
Weak syllable deletion - around 4
Cluster reduction - around 4
Gliding of liquids - around 5
“Red Flag” Phonological Processes After a Certain Age
Deletion of final consonant
Deletion of unstressed syllable
Cluster reduction
Assimilation
Substitution
General Treatment Hierarchy in Order
Meet where patient is at
Sound level
Syllable level
Word level
Phrase level
Sentence level
Conversational level
How Infants Initially Perceive Speech Sounds
Prefer mom’s speech
Sensitive to nonnative phonemes
