biological molecule carbohydrates (KRJ)

Question 1

what is a monomer

Answer 1

smaller molecules which chemically join to form polymers

Question 2

what is a polymer

Answer 2

large molecules that are made from the same repeating unit

Question 3

what is polymerisation

Answer 3

addition of monomers by condensation reactions to form polymers

Question 4

what type of bond is used to link monosaccharides

Answer 4

glycosidic

Question 5

what type of bond links nucleotides

Answer 5

phosphodiester

Question 6

what type of bonds are used to link amino acids

Answer 6

peptide bond

Question 7

what is meant by condensation reactions

Answer 7

the removal of water to form a new bond to make a polymer

Question 8

what is meant by hydrolysis

Answer 8

the addition of water to break the glycosidic bond
used to breakdown polymers

Question 9

what type of bonds join lipids

Answer 9

ester bonds

Question 10

what is the general formula of glucose

Answer 10

C6H12O6

Question 11

what is the general formula

Answer 11

CnH2nOn

Question 12

how do you remember alpha glucose

Answer 12

down
down
up
down

Question 13

how do you remember beta glucose

Answer 13

up
down
up
down

Question 14

what monosaccharides make maltose

Answer 14

alpha glucose +alpha glucose

Question 15

what monosaccharides make sucrose

Answer 15

fructose + alpha glucose

Question 16

what monosaccharides make lactose

Answer 16

galactose +glucose

Question 17

what is a disaccharide

Answer 17

it is formed when two monosaccharides join together
it involves the loss of a water molecule by a condensation reaction and a glycosidic bond formed

Question 18

where does the glycosidic bond form

Answer 18

with a hydroxide group and a hydrogen

Question 19

what are the four monosaccharides

Answer 19

alpha glucose
beta glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 20

what are the three disaccharides

Answer 20

maltose
lactose
sucrose

Question 21

what are the three polysaccharides

Answer 21

starch
cellulose
glycogen

Question 22

what is the structure and function of starch like

Answer 22

only in plant cells
made from alpha glucose
especially in seeds as storage
-it is hydrolysed into glucose transported easily and used for respiration
-helical shape so compact alot stored in small space
-large molecule so not easily transported across cell membrane
-insoluble so does not affect the osmotic balance

Question 23

what are the two types of starch

Answer 23

amylose
amylopectin

Question 24

what is the structure and function of glycogen

Answer 24

storage in animal cells made up of alpha glucose
highly branched many 1/6 bonds and 1/4
- hydrolysed into glucose transported easily for reparation
-highly branched so glucose hydrolysed quickly
-large molecule
-insoluble

Question 25

what is the structure and function of cellulose

Answer 25

made of beta glucose held by glycosidic bond every 2nd molecule inverted to form a long straight chain straight chain held together by many hydrogen bonds this forms microfibrils provides strength

Question 26

what is the purpose of digestion

Answer 26

converts food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream by the small intestines

Question 27

how does the body use the products it absorbs

Answer 27

used to build new carbohydrates, proteins, lipids which can be used for respiration

Question 28

what enzyme breaks down starch where is it made

Answer 28

amylase pancrease, small intestine . salivary gland

Question 29

what enzyme breaks down fats where is it made

Answer 29

lipase pancrease small intestine

Question 30

describe the complete digestion of starch

Answer 30

starch(amylase) is broken down into the disaccharide maltose by amylose maltose disaccharide of 2 alpha glucose is broken down by maltase which is embedded in epithelium lining of the small intestine to glucose

Question 31

what is the test and results of starch

Answer 31

iodine orange -> blue/black

Question 32

what is the test and result of sugar

Answer 32

benedicts solution and heat variety of colours blue ,green, yellow ,orange,red

Question 33

what is the test and results for fats

Answer 33

ethanol solution cloudy layer in test tube

Question 34

what is the test and results for protein

Answer 34

biuret solution turns lilac/purple

Question 35

how many hydrogen molecules are in a disaccharide

Answer 35

22