biological molecules - carbohydrates (2.1.2)

Question 1

monosaccharide

Answer 1

a single sugar molecule

Question 2

monomer

Answer 2

individual molecules that make a polymer

Question 3

polymer

Answer 3

long chained molecules made of bonded monomers in a repeating pattern

Question 4

disaccharide

Answer 4

a molecule composed of two monosaccharides that are joined together by a glycosidic bond.

Question 5

polysaccharide

Answer 5

a polymer made up of multiple monosaccharides.

Question 6

condensation reaction

Answer 6

a reaction between two molecules (reactants) resulting in a larger molecule and a water molecule (products).

Question 7

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

the breakdown of a molecule into two smaller molecules, which requies the addition of a water molecule.
(reactants = larger molecule & water, products = two smaller molecules).

Question 8

glycosidic bond

Answer 8

a chemical bond in the form of a covalent (non metal to non metal) connection, that connects a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group.

Question 9

benedict’s reagent

Answer 9

an alkaline solution of copper sulphate that is used in chemical tests to determine reducing & non-reducing sugars; a brick red precipitate indicates a positive result.

Question 10

precipitate

Answer 10

a solid that settles out of a solution.

Question 11

glycogen

Answer 11

a branched polysaccharide formed from alpha glucose molecules; a chemical energy store in animals.

Question 12

amylose

Answer 12

an unbranched chain of alpha glucose, has an overall cylindrical structure.

Question 13

amylopectin

Answer 13

a branched chain of alpha glucose.

Question 14

cellulose

Answer 14

a polysaccharide formed from beta glucose molecules, where alternating beta glucose molecules are turned upside down, unable to coil or form branches, but can make hydrogen bonds with other cellulose molecules to create strong, insoluble fibres.