cell cycle/mitosis (2.1.6)

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

ordered sequence of events that take place in a cell, resulting in division of nucleus and formation of 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 2

interphase

Answer 2

growth period of cell cycle between cell divisions, consists of stages G1, S and G2.

Question 3

G0

Answer 3

a cellular state outside the usual replicative cell cycle, which cells enter when they have detected mutations.

Question 4

G1

Answer 4

growth phase 1, where the cell grows.

Question 5

S phase

Answer 5

synthesis, where DNA replication occurs.

Question 6

G2

Answer 6

growth phase 2, a temporary rest before mitosis which the cell begins to prepare for with their newly replicated DNA.

Question 7

mitosis

Answer 7

the nuclear division stage of the cell cycle.

Question 8

cytokinesis

Answer 8

cell division/splitting, where two genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

Question 9

checkpoints

Answer 9

the control mechanisms of the cell cycle, which ensure that the processes have been accurately completed without error.

Question 10

chromosomes

Answer 10

structures of condensed and coiled DNA in the form of ‘chromatin’. Become visible under a light microscope when their cells are preparing to divide (prophase - completed cell division).

Question 11

chromatin

Answer 11

uncondensed (uncoiled) DNA in a complex with histones.

Question 12

histones

Answer 12

proteins that combine with DNA strands to form chromatin, provide structural support to a chromosome.

Question 13

chromatids

Answer 13

two identical copies of DNA (chromosomes) held together by a centromere.

Question 14

centromere

Answer 14

the point of attachment for chromatids when the chromosomes undertakes its X structure during mitosis.

Question 15

prophase

Answer 15

1st stage of mitosis; chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

Question 16

metaphase

Answer 16

2nd stage of mitosis; chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in preparation for anaphase.

Question 17

anaphase

Answer 17

3rd stage of mitosis; chromosomes separate into individual chromatids, and they are dragged to either end of the cell.

Question 18

telophase

Answer 18

4th stage of mitosis; chromatids uncoil to form chromosomes once again, and nuclear envelope forms around them, creating new genetically identical nuclei at either end of the cell.