classification & evolution (ch10)

Question 1

population

Answer 1

the number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographical area at the same time

Question 2

species

Answer 2

organisms that are able to breed together and produce fertile offspring

Question 3

class

Answer 3

a group of organisms that all possess the same general traits

Question 4

phylum

Answer 4

contains all groups of organisms that have the same body plan

Question 5

morphology

Answer 5

physical form/structure

Question 6

homologous traits

Answer 6

traits that stem from a common evolutionary ancestor

Question 7

autotrophs

Answer 7

feed themselves through photosynthesis

Question 8

heterotrophs

Answer 8

produce energy by eating other organisms

Question 9

phylogeny

Answer 9

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 10

convergent evolution

Answer 10

organisms that are not closely related evolve independently to have similar features, as a result of having to adapt to similar environments

Question 11

SNP

Answer 11

(single nucleotide polymorphism) a change of one single nucleotide into another, meaning the DNA pair changes

Question 12

indels

Answer 12

(insertions/deletions) one/more nucleotide pairs in a DNA strand are lost or gained

Question 13

variation

Answer 13

differences in characteristics between organisms

Question 14

interspecific variation

Answer 14

differences between members of different species

Question 15

intraspecific variation

Answer 15

differences between organisms within a species

Question 16

genetic variation

Answer 16

differences in genetic material inherited from parents

Question 17

environmental variation

Answer 17

result of the environment an organism lives in

Question 18

alleles

Answer 18

different versions of the same gene

Question 19

mutations

Answer 19

changes to DNA sequences, and therefore genes

Question 20

genomes

Answer 20

all genetic material of organisms

Question 21

selection pressure

Answer 21

external agents that affect an organism’s ability to survive in a given environment

Question 22

natural selection

Answer 22

how features of the environment apply a selection pressure on reproduction of individual’s in a population

Question 23

selected for

Answer 23

organisms that selection pressure conveys an advantage for due to particular features

Question 24

selected against

Answer 24

organisms at a disadvantage to selection pressure due to a lack of features

Question 25

biotic

Answer 25

living factors

Question 26

abiotic

Answer 26

non living factors

Question 27

physiological adaptations

Answer 27

ensures correct functioning of cell processes

Question 28

behavioural adaptations

Answer 28

behaviour of the organism that helps it to survive in conditions they live in

Question 29

anatomical adaptations

Answer 29

any physical structure that enhances survival of an organism

Question 30

ecological niche

Answer 30

the match of a species to a specific environmental condition

Question 31

low standard deviation

Answer 31

-indicates data has a narrow range, as points are closely grouped around mean -reliability is high

Question 32

high standard deviation

Answer 32

-data has a larger range, so is less grouped around mean -reliability is low

Question 33

null hypothesis

Answer 33

no significant difference between the means of data

Question 34

t value > critical value

Answer 34

-statistically significant difference between means -less than 5% probability difference is due to chance -null hypothesis can be rejected

Question 35

t value < critical value

Answer 35

-no significant difference between means -probability difference is due to chance is higher than 5% -null hypothesis is accepted

Question 36

species evenness

Answer 36

distribution of different species throughout an area

Question 37

biodiversity

Answer 37

the variety of all living things found in an area

Question 38

species richness

Answer 38

total number of different species within an area

Question 39

habitat

Answer 39

an area inhabited by a species, including all biotic and abiotic factors

Question 40

environmental gradient

Answer 40

physical conditions change within an area

Question 41

endangered species

Answer 41

species that are threatened by extinction

Question 42

conservation

Answer 42

the active management to maintain habitats and the species that inhabit them with the aim of supporting the survival of endagered species, in order to maintain biodiversity

Question 43

in situ

Answer 43

conserving species in their natural habitat

Question 44

nature/widlife reserves

Answer 44

designated area managed for conservation of habitats/species

Question 45

marine conservation zone

Answer 45

area of sea/ocean that is set aside to conserve diversity of species/habitats

Question 46

ex situ

Answer 46

conserving species outside of natural habitat