Biological Molecules: Monomers and Polymers: Basics (DR.A) Flashcards
What is a MONOMER? Give 3 named examples
Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made.
Examples include: Amino Acids, Monosaccharides and nucleotides.
What is a POLYMER? Give 3 names examples
Polymers are molecules made from a large numbers of monomers joined together.
Examples include: Proteins, Polysaccharides, Nucleic Acids
What is a CONDENSATION REACTION?
A reaction that joins 2 molecules together, forming a chemical bond and involves the elimination of water.
What is a HYDROLYSIS REACTION?
A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.
What is a MONOSACCHARIDE? Give 3 names example
The MONOMERS of which LARGER CARBOHYDRATES are made.
They are SINGLE SUGARS.
Examples include: GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, and GALACTOSE
What kind of BOND is formed during a CONDENSATION REACTION between 2 MONOSACCHARDIES?
A GLYCOSIDIC bond.
What is a DISACCHARIDE? Give 3 names examples
A carbohydrate formed by 2 MONOSACCHARDIES.
Examples include: MALTOSE, SUCROSE, LACTOSE
What does the DISACCHARIDE MALTOSE consist of?
2 α-GLUCOSE molecules
What does the DISACCHARIDE LACTOSE consist of?
1 α-GLUCOSE molecule
1 GALACTOSE molecule
What is the DIFFERENCE between a α-GLUCOSE molecule and a β-GLUCOSE molecule?
The HYDROXYL GROUP that branches of the CARBON 1 is inverted
H is on top in a α-GLUCOSE MOLECULE
OH is on top in a β-GLUCOSE MOLECULE
What does the DISACCHARIDE SUCROSE consist of?
1 α-GLUCOSE molecule
1 FRUCTOSE molecule
How does a POLYSACCHARIDE FORM? Give 3 names examples
Via the CONDENSATION of MANY SUGAR UNITS
Examples include: GLYCOGEN, STARCH and CELLULOSE
What type of GLUCOSE forms GLYCODEN and STARCH?
α-GLUCOSE MOLECULES
What type of GLUCOSE forms CELLULOSE?
β-GLUCOSE MOLECULES
What are the BIOCHEMICAL TESTS for REDUCING SUGARS and NON-REDUCING SUGARS?
REDUCING- BENEDICTS TEST
NON-REDUCING- HCl+NaHCO3
