Biological Monitoring

Question 1

What does BMWP stand for

Answer 1

Biological Monitoring Working Parties score

Question 2

Why do we do biological monitoring

Answer 2

to assess changes to the river characteristics that we cant see, temporally

Question 3

What are the uses of biological monitoring

Answer 3

Used as an early warning system, detect pollutants hazardous to human health, track pollution dispersal

Question 4

How can BM be used In determining physical channel changes

Answer 4

can indicate hydrological changes

Question 5

Why do BM’s not give you one possible pollutant type

Answer 5

Biological organisms are affective by many types of pollution

Question 6

How would you tell the pollutant type from BM

Answer 6

would need a professional identification skills, may also need chemical testing

Question 7

What information about the biological indicator (plant/animal) must you know before you carry out BM

Answer 7

life cycles

Question 8

What difficulties can you encounter from trying to find out BM

Answer 8

sampling difficulties

Question 9

which BM show us temporal scales of days or weeks

Answer 9

bacteria, protozoa, diatoms

Question 10

which BM show us temporal scales of months to years

Answer 10

invertebrates

Question 11

which BM show us temporal scales of years

Answer 11

fish

Question 12

what are the negatives of fish as BM

Answer 12

can migrate away from pollution

Question 13

What are the benefits of using macrophytes as BM

Answer 13

species fixed to the bank or bed, good indicators of suspended solids

Question 14

What are the benefits of using Macro-invertebrates as BM

Answer 14

Qualitative sampling easy and well documented, good taxonomic keys, whole communities can respond to change, normally quick cheap and easy

Question 15

What are the benefits of using algae as BM

Answer 15

useful indicators of eutrophication and turbidity

Question 16

What are the benefits of using fish as BM

Answer 16

methods well developed, can indicate food chain effects, ease of identification

Question 17

What are the benefits of using bacteria as BM

Answer 17

rapid response to changes, ease of sampling, indicator of faecal pollution

Question 18

what are the negatives of macro invertebrates as BM

Answer 18

knowledge of life cycles necessary to interpret absence of some species

Question 19

what are the negatives of macrophytes as BM

Answer 19

response to pollution not well documented, often tolerant of intermittent pollution

Question 20

What event led to the first need for management of sewage in uk

Answer 20

The great stink in 1858

Question 21

what is the saprobic system

Answer 21

recognized zones of downstream organic sources

Question 22

what conditions may generate initially after a pollution event

Answer 22

anoxic, leading to the production of methane or hydrogen sulphide

Question 23

what are the salt levels just after a point source pollution area

Answer 23

very high

Question 24

where are algae found after a point source

Answer 24

just after sewage fungus where there is good supply of nitrate

Question 25

what often dominates in the recovery zone

Answer 25

cladophore, known as blanket weed, can smother other plants, decaying algae reduces oxygen which can be good for downstream

Question 26

What invertebrates appear fist after pollution

Answer 26

tubificidae, red worms, densities can be up to 10 to the power of 6 per meter square

Question 27

why do tolerant insects thrive at jjust after a point source

Answer 27

abundance of food with no predators

Question 28

what is the Polysaprobic zone

Answer 28

extremely severe pollution

Question 29

what is the alpha mesosaprobic zone

Answer 29

severe pollution

Question 30

what is the beta mesosapropic zone

Answer 30

moderate pollution

Question 31

what is the ogliosaprobic zone

Answer 31

slight or no pollution

Question 32

what is the standard EA method of macoinvertebrate BM sampling

Answer 32

kick sampling

Question 33

what was the first reconised BM method

Answer 33

Trent Biotic Index

Question 34

how did the TBI work

Answer 34

absence/presence of speices, ranks species in terms of rarity and sensitivity

Question 35

what came after the TBI

Answer 35

extended TBI, no. of groups extended to 45

Question 36

what did chandlers index add to the TBI

Answer 36

abundance, present, few, common, abundant, very abundant

Question 37

what is the BMWP based on

Answer 37

families

Question 38

when did the EA stop using the BMWP

Answer 38

2017

Question 39

What is ASPT

Answer 39

average score per taxon, BMWP divided by taxon counted

Question 40

name some 10 sensitive BMWP species

Answer 40

Heptageniidae (MF), Leuctridae (SF)

Question 41

name some 8 sensitive BMWP species

Answer 41

Gomphidae (dragon fly) Astacide (cray Fish

Question 42

name some 1 sensitive BMWP species

Answer 42

Ogliocheata (worm)

Question 43

name some 5 sensitive BMWP species

Answer 43

Simulidae (Black fly larvae) Halipidae (water beatles)

Question 44

what is the index that is created from BMWP and ASPT

Answer 44

Lincoln Quality index

Question 45

what was the Lincoln quality index designed for

Answer 45

to help deal with heavily managed sites

Question 46

what is the current uk method

Answer 46

WHPT

Question 47

what are the features of WHPT

Answer 47

separates habitats (riffle, riffle/pool, pool), scores more representative as a whole and reflect general pollution not just organic

Question 48

what are the indicators of macroinvertebrate data

Answer 48

abundance, richness, diversity, BMWP, % dominant taxon

Question 49

how can u use macroinvertebrate information

Answer 49

in comparison with reference sites, (upstream, adjacent, regional,

Question 50

what is the system for invertebrate prediction used in the UK

Answer 50

RIVPACS

Question 51

what phytobenthos monitoring is there

Answer 51

mainly diatoms, sampled by stone washing, very sensitive, nutrient sensitivity scores

Question 52

what BM can be done with macrophytes

Answer 52

mapping, types, growth, cover, (river macrophyte nutrient index, river macrophyte hydraulic index

Question 53

what some low tolerance fish speices

Answer 53

salmon, grayling

Question 54

what are some high tolerance fish species

Answer 54

bream, eel