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Biopsychology > Biological rhythms > Flashcards

Biological rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biological rhythm

A

A change in the body processes or behaviour in response to cyclical changes within the enviroment.

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2
Q

biological rhythm around 24h

A

Circadian

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3
Q

Biological rhythm less than 24h

A

Ultradian

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4
Q

Biological rhythms more than 24h

A

Infradian

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5
Q

endogenous pacemaker

A

body’s internal clock that regulates biological rhythms

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6
Q

Exogenous zeitgebers

A

External factors in the environment which reset our biological clocks.

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7
Q

The sleep wake cycle

A

the fact we feel drowsy ant night an alert in the day.

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8
Q

Siffre’s cave study

A

Isolated only eating and sleeping when his body told him to.
To discover the natural rhythms of life when living beyond time.
Settled into SW cycle of 25-30h.

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9
Q

Weakness for Siffre’s cave study

A

Case study

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10
Q

Aschoff and weaver

A

Bunker study for 4 weeks
settled into 25-27h rhythm

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11
Q

Conclusion of cave and bunker studies

A

Removing EZs increases length of sleep/wake cycle. We want to run on 25h but we are restrained to 24h.

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12
Q

Folkard cave study

A

Changing external cues. Changed clocks from 24 to 22 hours but pps struggled to settle down.

Limits how well EZs can rule SW cycle.

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13
Q

Limitations of research into circadian rhythms

A

Individual differences are magnified as small sample sizes.
Age is a confounding variable

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14
Q

Practical application of circadian rhythms research

A

Shift work. Decreases accidents and increases productivity
when to administer drugs

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15
Q

Control issues in circadian rhythms research

A

Artificial light not controlled

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16
Q

The mcClintok study

A

Observed synchronisation of menstrual cycles.
Asked 135 college girls living in halls to rack the first day of their periods for 3 months
day difference went from 6.4 to 4.6.

17
Q

Weaknesses of the McClintok procedure

A

No control over diet and stress

18
Q

Stern and McClintok study

A

Investigate other womans pheromones on the menstral cycle.
29 women- 9 donors gave sample (cotton pad under arm)
Women then smelt the pads.
68% of woman experienced changes in line with the donor
Pheremones act as a EZ

19
Q

3 weaknesses of Stern and McClintok

A

small sample sizes so may be due to chance.
self report over onset of period
no control for stress and diet

20
Q

Yang and Schank findings

A

in any group of people there will be times of synchrony.

21
Q

causes of sad- melatonin

A

In winter months there is less sunlight and therefore we can have difficulty waking.
Has a knock on effect on serotonin

22
Q

Lambert et al sunlight research

A

How sunlight helps depression.
Metabolism of serotonin is lowest in winter and therefore could cause SAD.

23
Q

treating SAD

A

phototherapy- lightbox mimic the sun
goldman- phototherapy is as effective as antidepressants for treating depression
Could be placebo.

24
Q

Ultradian rhythms example

A

stages of sleep

25
Q

How many stages of sleep

A

5

26
Q

Stage 1/2 of sleep

A

light sleep, alpha and theta waves, easily woken, slower waves

27
Q

How to measure sleep

A

EEG

28
Q

Stage 3/4 of sleep

A

even slower waves, increased amplitude, hard to wake, delta waves

29
Q

Stage 5 of sleep

A

REM sleep, body paralysed, dreaming occurs

30
Q

Dennet and kleitman study

A

EEG of 9 individuals, REM correlated to dreaming, pps woken during REM gave vivid descriptions

31
Q

Role of endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers

A

The superchiasmatic nucleus (inside the hypothalamus) above the optic chiasm. recieves signals of light levels
Signals the pineal gland to secreate melatonin when light levels dip.

32
Q

What is entrained

A

when the cycle works with external cues

33
Q

What is free running

A

Works without external cues

34
Q

Social cues and Ezs

A

Infants S/W goes from random to entrained around 4 months, adult imposes pattens to influence cycles.

35
Q

Jet lag

A

Ezs of new environment do not match endogenous state of our body.

36
Q

What is phase delay

A

body needs to stay awake- east to west

37
Q

What is phase advance

A

Body needs to force sleep- west to east

38
Q

Swarts et al

A

East- west coast basketball teams had a better win rate

39
Q

Burgess

A

light to induce phase advance. 28 pps about to travel east. exposed to a morning light with a light box to advance circadian rhythm by an hour. advanced their rhythms

Biopsychology (8 decks)

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