Biology 1

Question 1

Microscope

Answer 1

Used to see things that are too small for our eyes

Question 2

What are the tree main steps to follow when looking through a microscope?

Answer 2

1. Start with the lowest magnification objective lense
2. Focus using the focus wheels
3. Increase the magnification if needed

Question 3

What happens to the image when we focus a microscope?

Answer 3

The image becomes clearer

Question 4

Name the five main parts of a microscope

Answer 4

Arm, stage, stage clips, objective lens, light bulb

Question 5

Organism

Answer 5

A living thing

Question 6

Unicellular Organism

Answer 6

An organism made of only one cell

Question 7

Multicellular Organism

Answer 7

An organism made of more than one cell

Question 8

Cell

Answer 8

The basic building block of all life

Question 9

Sub-cellular structure

Answer 9

The small part of the cell with a specific function

Question 10

Name the four sub-cellular structures found in all types of cell

Answer 10

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

Question 11

Why should a substance be thin when looking through a microscope?

Answer 11

To let light through

Question 12

Name 5 sub-cellular structures found in animal cells

Answer 12

Cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria

Question 13

Name eight sub-cellular structures found in plant cells

Answer 13

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

Question 14

Which sub-cellular structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Answer 14

Chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

Question 15

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 15

Control centre/contains DNA

Question 16

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 16

To control what leaves and enters the cell

Question 17

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 17

Chemical reactions

Question 18

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 18

Respiration

Question 19

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 19

Making proteins

Question 20

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 20

Support

Question 21

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 21

To keep the cell rigid

Question 22

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 22

Photosynthesis

Question 23

How big something looks

Answer 23

Image size

Question 24

How big something is

Answer 24

Actual size

Question 25

Equation for working out image size

Answer 25

Image size = actual size x magnification

Question 26

5mm long cell viewed under x50 magnification. How long will the image be?

Answer 26

1. Image size = object size x magnification 2. Image = 5 x 50 = 250mm

Question 27

How do we measure cells?

Answer 27

Measure across the widest part

Question 28

How do we convert between cm and mm?

Answer 28

÷10

Question 29

Prokaryotes

Answer 29

No nucleus

Question 30

Eukaryotes

Answer 30

Have a nucleus

Question 31

Diffusion

Answer 31

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration, to an area of low concentration

Question 32

In cells, what two factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 32

Temperature, cell surface area

Question 33

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 33

As temperature increases, the rate of diffusion increases

Question 34

How does cell surface area affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 34

As cell surface increases, the rate of diffusion increases

Question 35

Name two specialised animal cells

Answer 35

Answers include: Red blood cell, muscle cell, sperm cell, nerve cell, ciliated cell, white blood cell

Question 36

What is the function of a red blood cell?

Answer 36

To carry oxygen around the body

Question 37

Give two adaptations of a red blood cell

Answer 37

No nucleus, biconcave shape

Question 38

What is the function of a muscle cell?

Answer 38

Contracts and moves things

Question 39

Give one adaptation of a muscle cell

Answer 39

Many mitochondria

Question 40

Give two examples of specialised cells in plants

Answer 40

Root hair cell, palisade cell

Question 41

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 41

To absorb nutrients from the soil

Question 42

Give two ways in which a root hair cell is specialised for its function

Answer 42

Large extensions, no chloroplasts

Question 43

What is the function of the palisade cell?

Answer 43

To carry out photosynthesis

Question 44

Give one way in which a palisade cell is specialised for its function

Answer 44

Many chloroplasts