Biology 1: The Cell

Question 1

Nucleoid Region

Answer 1

DNA region in prokaryotes

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Makes ribosomes. Sits in nucleus, no membrane

Question 3

Peroxisomes

Answer 3

Collect and break down material

Question 4

Rough ER

Answer 4

Accept mRNA to make proteins

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

Detox & make lipids

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Modify/distribute proteins. Only in eukaryotes

Question 7

Centrioles

Answer 7

9 groups of microtubules, pull chromosomes apart

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Demo & Recycling center. Made by Golgi apparatus. Single membrane

Question 9

Plasmids

Answer 9

In prokaryotes. Carry DNA not necessary for survival

Question 10

Obligate Aerode

Answer 10

Requires O2

Question 11

Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 11

Dies in O2

Question 12

Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 12

Toggle between aerobic/anaerobic

Question 13

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

Answer 13

Does not use O2 but tolerates it

Question 14

Gram +

Answer 14

Purple, thick peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid cell wall

Question 15

Gram -

Answer 15

Pink-Red, thin peptidoglycan cell wall & an outer membrane

Question 16

Bacilli

Answer 16

Rod shape

Question 17

Cocci

Answer 17

Sphere shape

Question 18

Spirilla

Answer 18

Spiral shape

Question 19

Eukaryote

Answer 19

• Electron Transport Chain in Mitochondria
• Large ribosomes
• Reproduce via mitosis

Question 20

Prokaryotes

Answer 20

• Electron in cell membrane
• Small in ribosomes
• Reproduce via binary fission
• Plasmids carry DNA material

Question 21

Prions

Answer 21

infectious protein
Trigger misfolding.
alpha-helical into beta pleated sheets
decrease solubility

Question 22

Viroid

Answer 22

Plant pathogens

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

Actin

Question 24

Microtubules

Answer 24

Tubulin

Question 25

Intermediate filament

Answer 25

Keratin = Vinmentin Design = Lamin

Question 26

Parenchyma

Answer 26

functional parts of organ

Question 27

Simple (epithelia)

Answer 27

one layer

Question 28

stratified (epithelia)

Answer 28

multiple layers

Question 29

pseudo stratified (epithelia)

Answer 29

one true layer but looks like multiple

Question 30

cuboidal (epithelia)

Answer 30

cube shape

Question 31

columnar (epithelia)

Answer 31

long and narrow

Question 32

squamous (epithelia)

Answer 32

flat, scale-like

Question 33

stroma

Answer 33

the support tissue structure

Question 34

Transformation

Answer 34

Gets genetic info from environment

Question 35

Conjugation

Answer 35

transfer of genetic info via conjugation bridge

Question 36

Transduction

Answer 36

Transfer using bacteriophage

Question 37

Transposons

Answer 37

Genetic info that insert/remove themselves

Question 38

Caspid

Answer 38

Protein coat of virus

Question 39

Envelope

Answer 39

Some (viruses) have lipid