Biology 1b

Question 0

How has a polar bear evolved to stay warm ?

Answer 0

Thick layer if blubber for insulation

Question 1

True or False - animals in the desert have a large surface area to volume ratio

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is another benefit of blubber ?

Answer 2

Acts as an energy store when food is scarce

Question 3

How has the arctic fox evolved to avoid predators ?

Answer 3

Light fur to blend in with snow

Question 4

Why do cacti have spines rather than leaves ?

Answer 4

• Plants lose water vapour from the surface of the leaves. Spines have a smaller surface area so less water is lost
• They deter predators as they are sharp

Question 5

give two ways wasps deter predators

Answer 5

• Stinger
• Sting contains poisons
• Yellow and black coat signifies danger

Question 6

What is an extremophile ?

Answer 6

A microorganism that can live in very extreme environments, like volcanic vents

Question 7

What do plants compete for ?

Answer 7

Light
Space
Water
Minerals from soil

Question 8

What do animals compete for ?

Answer 8

Space (territory)
Food
Water
Mates to reproduce with

Question 9

What is a living factor ?

Answer 9

Disease
Predators
Prey or food sources
Competitors

Question 10

What is a non-living factor ?

Answer 10

Temperature
Rainfall
Pollution - air or water

Question 11

What is a living indicator of air pollution ?

Answer 11

Lichen

Question 12

What is lichen an how does it show pollution ?

Answer 12

They are a moss like plant that grow on tree bark. Different species grow in different areas depending on the sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 13

What is a pollution indicator of water pollution ?

Answer 13

Mayfly lavae

Question 14

How does mayfly larvae indicate water pollution ?

Answer 14

They are very sensitive to the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water - left by sewage. If you see mayfly larvae the water is clean

Question 15

What is an example of a non-living indicator of environmental change ? How does it measure this ?

Answer 15

Satellites, it can measure snow and ice cover and sea temperature

Question 16

What does a pyramid of biomass show ?

Answer 16

The mass of living material on each tropic level of a food chain

Question 17

What is a tropic level ?

Answer 17

It is the word given for the different stages of the food chain

Question 18

What is a producer ?

Answer 18

A plant

Question 19

The energy gradually decreases as you go up a tropic level. Why does this happen ?

Answer 19

Each tropic level uses some of the energy for movement ( any of the 7 life processes )

Question 20

What are the perfect conditions for microorganisms ?

Answer 20

Moist, warm conditions

Question 21

How do you make the most of a compost bin ?

Answer 21

Finely shredded waste

Air holes

Question 22

How is carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere ?

Answer 22

• Burning fossil fuels
• Plant/animal respiration
• CO2 released from decay

Question 23

How is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere ?

Answer 23

Mainly photosynthesis

Some dissolves in sea

Question 24

What is genetic variation ?

Answer 24

Your characteristic differences to others that is down to your genetic information

Question 25

What is environmental variety ?

Answer 25

When you are different because of the environment. Like dying your hair or losing a limb

Question 26

What is the nucleus ?

Answer 26

The part of a cell which holds your genetic material in chromosomes

Question 27

What is a chromosome ?

Answer 27

Coils of DNA

Question 28

What is DNA ?

Answer 28

DNA is the genetic material of humans, found in the nucleus of cells

Question 29

What is sexual reproduction ?

Answer 29

It involves the fusion of male and female gametes. There are two parents so the offspring will contain a mixture of their parents' genes

Question 30

What is asexual reproduction ?

Answer 30

Only one parent, so no gamete fusion no mixing of DNA and therefore no genetic variation. Producing a clone of the parent

Question 31

How do you clone plants from cuttings ?

Answer 31

You cut parts of the plant off and re-plant them making identical copies

Question 32

How do you clone a plant by tissue cloning ?

Answer 32

When a few plant cells are put on hormones an quickly grow to be clones of the parent

Question 33

How do you clone animals ?

Answer 33

An egg is taken from a prize cow and fertilised by a prize bull. The embryo is split and placed in other cows, when born you will have multiple clones

Question 34

Explain adult cell cloning

Answer 34

1. Adult cell cloning is when you take an unfertilised egg and taking the genetic information out of it. 2. A males body cell's DNA is then implanted in 3. The now fertilised egg is implanted into a surrogate mother and a clone will be born

Question 35

What is genetic engineering ?

Answer 35

It is when you can change the genes to alter the corresponding characteristics

Question 36

How do scientists 'cut' parts of the genes out ?

Answer 36

They use enzymes

Question 37

What is a GM crop ?

Answer 37

A genetically modified plant

Question 38

What are the benefits if GM crops ?

Answer 38

Resistant to: Insects viruses Herbicides (weed killer)

Question 39

How do scientific milestones like genetic engineering help the human body ?

Answer 39

Cystic fibrosis is a disorder caused by faulty genes, by developing genetic engineering we may be able to eradicate it

Question 40

What is the theory of evolution ?

Answer 40

The idea that more than 3 billion years ago life on earth began as simple organisms from which more complex organisms have evolved into

Question 41

What is natural selection ?

Answer 41

1. Individuals within a species have variety because of genetic differences 2. If they have better characteristics then they will survive and reproduce 3. Eventually only the new variation will survive

Question 42

What, other than genetic variety, can cause natural selection

Answer 42

Mutation

Question 43

Why did some not believe in Darwin's theory ?

Answer 43

* Went against religious beliefs that life was created by god * He couldn't give a reason why these varieties occurred * There wasn't enough evidence

Question 44

What was lamarck's theory ?

Answer 44

He thought that if the characteristics were used a lot then they would develop and pass on to their offspring. For example if a rabbit ran a lot then its legs would get longer

Question 45

Why was lamarck's theory wrong ?

Answer 45

Because these changes weren't involved with your DNA, therefore it wouldn't pass on to offspring

Question 46

What are genes ?

Answer 46

They develop different characteristics like eye colour