Biology

Question 1

medulla

Answer 1

controls the most basic functions such as heartbeat and breathing

Question 2

cerebellum

Answer 2

“little brain”

helps coordinate voluntary movement such as sports

Question 3

agonist

Answer 3

molecule fills the receptor site and activates it, acting like a neurontransmitters

Question 4

action potential

Answer 4

a neuron impulse that travels down an axon like a wave

Question 5

thalamus

Answer 5

inner chamber
thalamus is the sensory switchboard or router
all sensory messages, except small, are routed through the thalamus on the way to the cortex

Question 6

perpheral nervous system

Answer 6

automatic controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glances
sympathetic arousing
flight or fight

Question 7

hormones

Answer 7

emotions

Question 8

occipital love

Answer 8

include the visual area; they receive visual information from the opposite visual field

Question 9

temporal lobe

Answer 9

include the auditory processing areas

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

are chemicals used to send a signal across the synapse gap
reuptake: after the neurotransmitters stimulate the receptors in the receiving neurons, the chemicals are taken back up into the sending neuron.

Question 11

pituitary gland

Answer 11

boss of the brain. it’s controlled through the nervous system by the nearby brain area. it also produces growth hormones and oxytocin, the “bonding” hormone

Question 12

nervous system

Answer 12

The central nervous system [CNS] consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The CNS makes decisions for the body.
The peripheral nervous system [PNS] consists of ‘the rest’ of the nervous system.
The PNS gathers and sends information to and from the rest of the body.

Question 13

synapse

Answer 13

junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Question 14

interneurons

Answer 14

CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs motor neurons- carry outgoing information from CNS

Question 15

pathway of a nerve signal

Answer 15

Serotonin pathways -
Networks of neurons that communicate with serotonin help regulate mood.
dopamine pathways -
Networks of neurons that communicate with dopamine are involved in focusing attention and controlling movement.

Question 16

plasticity

Answer 16

the brains in flexible

If the brain is damaged, especially in the general association areas of the cortex:
●the brain does not repair damaged neurons, BUT it can restore some functions
●it can form new connections, reassign existing networks, and insert new neurons, some grown from stem cells

Question 17

myelin sheath

Answer 17

The insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. Also called medullary sheath .

Question 18

behavior genetics

Answer 18

Behavior genetics is a field in which variation among individuals is separated into genetic versus environmental components. The most common research methodologies are family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies.

Question 19

association areas

Answer 19

n of the cortex of the brain that connects sensory and motor areas, and that is thought to be concerned with higher mental activities.

Question 20

corpus Callosum

Answer 20

a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres

Question 21

motor neurons

Answer 21

nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.

Question 22

middle ear

Answer 22

the air-filled central cavity of the ear, behind the eardrum