Thinking/Language

Question 1

heuristic

Answer 1

is a short-cut, step-saving thinking strategy or principle which generates a solution quickly but possibly in error

Question 2

over confidence error

Answer 2

in judgements refer to our tendency to be more confident that correct

Question 3

brocas area

Answer 3

controls speech muscles via the motor cortex

Question 4

serial position effect

Answer 4

The tendency to recall earlier words is called the primary effect; the tendency to recall the later words is called the recency effect.

Question 5

priming

Answer 5

Implicit Memory. Priming is the implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimulus. It is a technique in psychology used to train a person’s memory both in positive and negative ways

Question 6

proactive interference

Answer 6

Difficulty in learning new information because of already existing information. For example, an English speaking person may have greater difficulty learning Spanish because of his or her tendency to want to apply English grammar to the new language. Some people have a harder time learning how to drive an automatic vehicle because of their preexisting knowledge of how to drive a stick shift. The driver may want to use his or her left foot for the break where they are used to having the clutch. The same person may have learned to drive an automatic more easily without his or her knowledge of a standard car.

Question 7

functional fixedness

Answer 7

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt Psychology, a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing

Question 8

phonemes

Answer 8

A phoneme is a unit of sound in speech. A phoneme doesn’t have any inherent meaning by itself, but when you put phonemes together, they can make words. Think of when adults try to get a baby to say his or her first word.

Question 9

semantics

Answer 9

It focuses on the relation between signifiers, like words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and what they stand for; their denotation. Linguistic semantics is the study of meaning that is used for understanding human expression through language

Question 10

telegraphic speech

Answer 10

Telegraphic speech, according to linguistics and psychology, is speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children, which is laconic and efficient. The name derives from the fact that someone sending a telegram was generally charge

Question 11

illusory correlation

Answer 11

Illusory correlation is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists.

Question 12

algorithm

Answer 12

a step by strategy for solving a problem methodically leading for a specific solution

Question 13

heuristic

Answer 13

is a short-cut, step-saving thinking strategy or principle which generates a solution quickly but possibly in error

Question 14

over confidence error

Answer 14

in judgements refer to our tendency to be more confident that correct

Question 15

brocas area

Answer 15

controls speech muscles via the motor cortex

Question 16

serial position effect

Answer 16

The tendency to recall earlier words is called the primary effect; the tendency to recall the later words is called the recency effect.

Question 17

priming

Answer 17

Implicit Memory. Priming is the implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimulus. It is a technique in psychology used to train a person’s memory both in positive and negative ways

Question 18

proactive interference

Answer 18

Difficulty in learning new information because of already existing information. For example, an English speaking person may have greater difficulty learning Spanish because of his or her tendency to want to apply English grammar to the new language. Some people have a harder time learning how to drive an automatic vehicle because of their preexisting knowledge of how to drive a stick shift. The driver may want to use his or her left foot for the break where they are used to having the clutch. The same person may have learned to drive an automatic more easily without his or her knowledge of a standard car.

Question 19

functional fixedness

Answer 19

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt Psychology, a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing

Question 20

phonemes

Answer 20

A phoneme is a unit of sound in speech. A phoneme doesn’t have any inherent meaning by itself, but when you put phonemes together, they can make words. Think of when adults try to get a baby to say his or her first word.

Question 21

semantics

Answer 21

It focuses on the relation between signifiers, like words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and what they stand for; their denotation. Linguistic semantics is the study of meaning that is used for understanding human expression through language

Question 22

telegraphic speech

Answer 22

Telegraphic speech, according to linguistics and psychology, is speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children, which is laconic and efficient. The name derives from the fact that someone sending a telegram was generally charge

Question 23

illusory correlation

Answer 23

Illusory correlation is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists.

Question 24

algorithm

Answer 24

a step by strategy for solving a problem methodically leading for a specific solution