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Biology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the cuticle

A

Is the waxy, water repelling layer top and bottom surfaces of a leaf; it helps keep the leaf from drying out

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2
Q

What is the function of the guard cell

A

They change the shape causing the stoma to open and close

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3
Q

What is the function of the stoma

A

A pore in a leaf where water vapour and other gases leave and enter the plant

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4
Q

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll

A

Contains lots of chloroplast and is where photosynthesis mainly occurs

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5
Q

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll

A

Irregularly shaped cells with many air spaces between the cells. These cells contain some chlorophyll

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6
Q

Pedicel

A

the stalk bearing a flower/fruit or the main stalk of an inflorescence

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7
Q

Receptacle

A

Is the thickened part of a stem from which the flower organs grow

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8
Q

Sepal

A

Function as protection for e flower in bud and support the petals when in bloom

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9
Q

Petal

A

Modified leaves that surround he reproductive parts of flowers

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10
Q

Perianth

A

Is the non-reproductive part of the flower and the structure that forms and envelope for sexual organs

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11
Q

Filament

A

The part that produces pollen

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12
Q

MRSGREN

A

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

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13
Q

Describe the organization of the human body

A

Cells–>tissue–>organ–>organ system–>organism

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14
Q

Organization of flowering plants

A

Cells–>tissue–>organ–>organ system–>organism

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15
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

Sun

Water and carbon dioxide—–>glucose and oxygen

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16
Q

Phloem

A

the vascular tissue in plants which conducts sugars and other metabolic products downwards from the leaves.

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17
Q

Xylem

A

The xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.

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18
Q

Endodermis

A

The endodermal layer in a plant, almost always in the root, regulates the water and other substances that get into the plant.

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19
Q

Cortex

A

The outer layer of tissue immediately below the epidermis of a stem in a root

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20
Q

Vascular bundles

A

a strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside

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21
Q

Pith

A

Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant.

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22
Q

Teeth

A

Bite, tear and crushes food into smaller pieces

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23
Q

Epiglottis

A

When you swallow it covers your voice box, stopping food from entering your windpipe.

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24
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

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25
Gal bladder
Stores bile
26
Bile duct
Carry bile from the liver, gal bladder through pancreas to duodenum
27
Colon
Part of the large intestine, the final part of the digestive system that reabsorbs fluids to eliminate it
28
Appendix
Tube attached to and opening into te lower end of the large intestine
29
Salivary gland
Produces saliva that contain enzymes that break down food
30
Tongue
Mixes food with saliva, forms a bolus, and pushes food to the back of the mouth
31
Oesophagus
Connects mouth to the stomach and pushes food down to stomach
32
Stomach
Churns up food
33
Duodenum
First part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum
34
Pancreas
Produces digestive juices which contains enzymes to break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins
35
Ileum
Third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the caecum
36
Rectum
The final section of the large intestine terminating at the anus.(where you poop)
37
Mouth(cow)
Has 32 teeth. The top jaw has no teeth. When a cow is grazing it is actually ripping up sections of plant material.
38
Oesophagus(cow)
Brings food from the pharynx to the stomach and also easily work in the other direction, bringing material from the stomach to the mouth
39
Reticulum(cow)
Rough and honeycomb like. Has a small pouch that acts as a trap for large objects leaving the rumen
40
Rumen(cow)
Muscular and covered in papillae
41
Omasum(cow)
Is a highly folded organ that holds about two and a half gallons of material. It has small projections on its surface that allows it to act as a sort or sieve
42
Abomasum(cow)
Relieves food from the omasum and passes to the small intestine
43
Small intestine(cow)
Is longer in the cow because it needs more area so it has more time to absorb nutrients from food it is digestion
44
Large intestine(cow)
Absorbs, re-circulates and conserves water. Also a major site of mineral absorption
45
Compare and contrast human digestive system and cow digestive system
Human Cow Is longer Regurgitate food Has enzymes to digest proteins Don't have enzymes Have strong and sharp canines Have blunt canines 4 canines 2 canines Simple one chambered stomach Rumen can hold up to 150L Don't regurgitate food Complex rumen with 4 chambers
46
Mouth
the opening and cavity in the lower part of the human face, surrounded by the lips, through which food is taken in and vocal sounds are emitted.
47
Nasal cavity
The function of the nasal cavity is to warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs.
48
Pharynx
A tube connecting the throat, nose and lungs
49
Larynx
It manipulates pitch and volume. The larynx houses the vocal folds (vocal cords), which are essential for phonation.
50
Trachea
The trachea (or windpipe) is a wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an integral part of the body's airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration.
51
Bronchus
bronchus are extensions of the windpipe that shuttle air to and from the lungs.
52
Bronchiole
are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs
53
Air sac
A lung compartment containing air an alveolus
54
Alveolus
Any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange
55
Compare and contrast fish and human respiratory system
Humans uses lungs to breath fish use gills. Humans expel gases grouch mouth and nose,fish expel gases through its mouth. Humans have one blood capillary and fish have two. Humans use a larynx and fish don't. Humans have a four chambered heart and fish have a two chambered heart
56
Where does a fish get its oxygen from
From the water
57
Describe the passage of water over the gills
It flows through the mouth, over the gills then out
58
Why do the gills have an excellent blood supply
Dissolved oxygen moves into the blood and travels to the fish's cells. The oxygen can be absorbed straight away
59
Why can't a fish breathe in the air
They can't breathe out of water because the gills don't have enough surface area to breathe oxygen, water is required to run through the gills
60
Describe asexual reproduction using the amoeba as an example
At a certain size it divides then it is pulled and the information in the nucleus duplicates then divides. The cell body begins to divide when the nucleus has split. Two daughter cells are formed.
61
Compare and contrast the asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual Sexual One parent Two parents One cell splits Two cells join Offspring are genetically identical Offspring have a mixture of genetics from both parents
62
Part of female frog reproductive system | Ostium
He uterine tube may refer to the proximal or distal opening of the tube also called the Fallopian tube. ( the opening of the oviduct funnel )
63
Part of female frog reproductive system | Ovarian funnel
Collects and guides the eggs down to the oviducts after their release from the ovaries
64
Part of female frog reproductive system | Ovarian tube
The eggs are covered in a protective jelly-like substance as they pass through the oviduct
65
Part of female frog reproductive system | Ovisac
The jelly covered eggs are temporarily stored in the Ovisac
66
Part of female frog reproductive system | Cloacal chamber
The eggs collect here just before they are released into the water
67
Part of female frog reproductive system | Cloacal aperture
Opening of the cloacal chamber, the eggs pass through here before being released into the water
68
Part of male frog reproductive system | Vasa efferentia
Tubes leading from he testes across to the excretory ducts( tubes ) of the kidneys
69
Part of male frog reproductive system | Urinogenital duct
A tube that carries both sperm and waste products to the outside world
70
Part of male frog reproductive system | Cloaca
Where sperm or waste products are temporarily stored before release to the outside world

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