Biology 9: Respiration Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration (also balanced)?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Why does the body respond to exercise in this way (increase in heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume)?
- To increase the rate of supply of Glucose and Oxygen to the muscles
- To increase the rate of removal of Carbon Dioxide from the muscles
How does the body respond to exercise?
- Increase in heart rate
- Increase in breathing rate
- Increase in breath volume
- Increase on the flow of oxygenate blood to the muscles
- Glycogen stores in the muscles are converted to Glucose for cellular respiration
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
-Most reactions take place in the mitochondria of your cells
What does the liver first convert lactic acid into?
-Glucose
How is the energy transferred during respiration used?
-Used to enable muscles to contract
Why do stores of glycogen change with exercise?
-They are converted to Glucose for cellular respiration
What does the hepatic portal vein do?
-Carries blood containing digested food from the intestines to the liver
What is the function of glycogen?
- Muscles store Glucose as glycogen
- Glycogen can be converted back to Glucose to use during exercise
- The glucose is used in aerobic respiration to transfer the energy needed to make your muscles contract
What is metabolism?
-The sum of all the reactions that place in a cell or in the body
What are the 6 most common metabolic reactions?
- Coversion of Glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose
- The formation of lipids from molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
- Use of Glucose and Nitrate ions to form amino acids to make proteins
- The reactions of respiration
- The reactions of photosynthesis
- Forming Urea, the breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys
What does the liver do with unneeded Glucose?
-It stores it as glycogen
Where does anaerobic respiration take place?
-In the fluid portion of the Cytoplasm of cells
What are 5 uses of fermentation?
- Yoghurt
- Alcohol
- Pickles
- Bread
- Fuel
What ways is energy from respiration used by the organism?
- Build up large molecules from smaller ones to make new cell material
- Break down larger molecules to smaller ones during digestion and within the cell
- Enable animal muscles to contract so that the animals can move
- Keep mammals and birds body temp steady when their surroundings are colder than they are
- Move mineral ions such as nitrates from the soil into root hair cells
- Convert sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are built up into proteins
What is an oxygen debt?
-The amount of Oxygen needed to break down the Lactic acid to Carbon Dioxide and Water
Define aerobic respiration:
-A type of respiration in which Oxygen is taken in and Carbon Dioxide and Water are produced
What are the metabolic functions of the liver?
- Detoxifying poisonous substances e.g. Ethanol from alcoholic drinks
- Passing the breakdown products into the blood
- Breaking down old, worn out blood cells
- Storing the iron from haemoglobin until it is needed to synthesize more blood cells
When is Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide a result of anaerobic respiration?
-In plant cells and some microorganisms such as yeast
How can you show that Carbon Dioxide is released durobg aerobic respiration?
- Add limewater if it goes cloudy them Carbon Dioxide is present
- The higher the concentration of Carbon Dioxide, the quicker the limewater goes cloudy
What does the hepatic artery do?
-Brings oxygenated blood to the liver
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ energy)
Why does anaerobic respiration take place?
- If Muscles work hard for a long time, they become fatigued and don’t contract efficiently.
- If they don’t get enough Oxygen, they will respire Anaerobicallu
Why do muscles get tired diring exercise?
-Due to the build up pf lactic acid
