Biology B4

Question 1

Algae

Answer 1

A plant that lives in water. they have chloroplasts and can photosynthesise

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

A chemical reaction that happens in chlorplasts

Question 3

chloroplasts

Answer 3

contains chlorophyll and absorbs light energy and can photosynthesise

Question 4

chlorophyll

Answer 4

the green pigment inside chloroplasts. Absorbs light energy

Question 5

endothermic

Answer 5

A reaction which takes in energy from the surroundings

Question 6

Recatants

Answer 6

they react together. they are on the left habd side of the arrow in chemical equations. The reactants of photosynthesus are water and carbon dioxide

Question 7

products

Answer 7

what is made in a chemical reaction. They are on the righ hand side of the arrow. In photosynthesis the preoducts are GLUCOSE and OXYGEN

Question 8

waxy cuticle

Answer 8

Protects the leaf. It is transparent to allow light through

Question 9

palisade mesophyll

Answer 9

the tissue has cells with lots of chloroplasts to maximise photosynthesis

Question 10

spongy mesophyll

Answer 10

the tissue layer, has air spaces to allow for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 11

stomata

Answer 11

these are holes on the underneath of a leaf- they allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf

Question 12

guard cells

Answer 12

these cntol the opening and closing of the stomata

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

the movement of partivles from an area of low concentration

Question 14

rate of reaction

Answer 14

how fats a checmical reaction takes place

Question 15

limiting Factor

Answer 15

something that can slow down or “limit” the rate of photosythesis

Question 16

denatured

Answer 16

when the shape of the active site of an enzyme changes so the substrate no longer fits

Question 18

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

carbon dioxide + water—-> glucose + oxygen (with chloryphll and sunlight in the arrow)

Question 19

what is the symbol equation or photosynthesis?

Answer 19

6CO2 + 6H2O – > C&H12O6 + 6O2

Question 20

what type of chemical reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 20

it is endothermic as it requires sunlight

Question 21

how are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 21

1. wide to give a large surface area
2. thin to give a short diffusion distance
3. full of chlorophyll to absorb sunlight
4. have xylem to bring water to the leaves

Question 22

why would the guard cells need to close the stomata?

Answer 22

to reduce the loss of water vapour in hot conditions

Question 23

what does enzyme- controlled reaction mean?

Answer 23

it means that the reaction is sped up by enzymes. Without enzymes the reaction would be too slow to be useful

Question 24

why does the temperature and rate of photosynthesis graph decrease and not go flat?

Answer 24

because the enzymes needed for photosynthesis have been dentaured. High temperature or extreme PH can dentaure the enzymes

Question 25

what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 25

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

Question 26

why does the light intensity and rate of photosynthesis graph plateau (go flat)?

Answer 26

Because another factor has become the limiting factor

Question 27

why does the carbon dioxide concentration and the rate of photosynthesis graph plateau?

Answer 27

Becaus eanother factor has become the limiting factor

Question 28

How is glucose used in plants?

Answer 28

1. As a reactant for respiration 2. converted to starch for storage 3. combined with notrates to make proteins 4. converted to fats and oils for storage

Question 29

aerobic respiration

Answer 29

Respiration in the presence of oxygen

Question 30

Mitochondria

Answer 30

where aerobic respiration takes place in a cell

Question 31

exothermic

Answer 31

A chemcial reaction where energy is released to the surroundings

Question 32

Anaerobic respirtaion

Answer 32

Respirtaion that takes place without oxygen

Question 33

fermentation

Answer 33

Anaerobic respirayion is yeast also known as fermentation glucose -> ethonal + carbon dioxide

Question 34

fatigue

Answer 34

when muscles carry out anaerobic respiration for too long and muscles no longer work as well as they could

Question 35

oxygen debt

Answer 35

the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to break down the latic acid that has built up

Question 36

metabolism

Answer 36

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 38

excerted

Answer 38

removed from the body ( for example, urea forms urine and is removed from body)

Question 39

what type of chemical reaction is respiration?

Answer 39

exothermic - it releases energy which is uded by the cells for living processes

Question 40

what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 40

C6H12O6 +602 > 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 42

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in ANIMALS?

Answer 42

glucose ----> lactic acid

Question 43

oxidation of glucose in aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 43

aerobic= complete anaerobic= incomplete- the products of respiration will contain energy

Question 43

Does aerobic or anaerobic repsiration have prescence of oxygen?

Answer 43

aerobic = present anaerobic = little/ short supply

Question 44

products of respiration aerobic and anaaerobic

Answer 44

1. carbon dioxide and water. The products do not contain stored chemical energy 2. Mammalian muscle: lactic acid. Yeast: ethanol and carbon dioxid some plants: ethanol and carbon dioxide these products will contain

Question 45

amount of energy released in aerobic and anaerobic?

Answer 45

1. relatively small amount 2. small amount but quickly

Question 46

State three reasons why cells need energy

Answer 46

Build large molecules from smaller ones, break down large molecules into smaller ones, muscle contraction, keeping warm, active transport

Question 47

which reactant is present in aerobic respiration but not anaerobic?

Answer 47

Oxygen

Question 48

How is fermentation useful economically?

Answer 48

To make beer and bread

Question 49

Which type of respiration produces most energy? why?

Answer 49

Aerobic- it completley oxidises the glucose

Question 50

How is the build up of lactic acid from excercise dealt with?

Answer 50

the latic acid is transported from the cells to the liver via the blood. Once in the liver it is converted back to glucose

Question 51

State 3 things the body does in response to excercise

Answer 51

1. Increased heart rate 2. increased breathing rate 3. Increased depth of breathing

Question 52

why does the body change during exercise?

Answer 52

To supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood to allow for more respiration. Also to remove waste products faster such as carbon dioxide.

Question 53

what metabollic reaction involves glucose?

Answer 53

converting glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which react together for proteins

Question 54

What metabollic reaction invlolves glucose?

Answer 54

Converting glucose into starch, glycogen and cellulose

Question 55

How do metabollic reacations form lipids (fat) ?

Answer 55

Reacting one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 56

How do metabollic reactions form proteins?

Answer 56

reacting glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which react together to for proteins

Question 57

How do metabolic reactions break down protein?

Answer 57

If there is too much protein it is broken down to urea which is then excerted

Question 59

word + symbol equation for Aerobic respiration:

Answer 59

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water C(small 6)H(small 12)O(small 6) + 6O(small 2) ---> 6CO(small 2) + 6H(small 2) O