photosynthesis and respiration

Question 1

What is the oxygen requirement for aerobic metabolism?

Answer 1

Requires oxygen (O₂)

Question 2

What is the oxygen requirement for anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 2

Does not require oxygen (O₂)

Question 3

What is the energy yield per glucose in aerobic metabolism?

Answer 3

High energy yield (36-38 ATP per glucose)

Question 4

What is the energy yield per glucose in anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 4

Low energy yield (2 ATP per glucose)

Question 5

What are the end products of aerobic metabolism in animals and plants?

Answer 5

CO₂ and H₂O

Question 6

What are the end products of anaerobic metabolism in animals and plants?

Answer 6

Lactic acid (in animals), ethanol + CO₂ (in plants & yeast)

Question 7

Where does aerobic metabolism occur in cells?

Answer 7

Occurs in mitochondria

Question 8

Where does anaerobic metabolism occur in cells?

Answer 8

Occurs in cytoplasm

Question 9

What type of exercise is an example of aerobic metabolism?

Answer 9

Long-duration exercise, normal respiration in plants

Question 10

What type of exercise is an example of anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 10

Intense exercise, fermentation in yeast

Question 11

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 11

Occurs when the body requires more oxygen than it has available, often after anaerobic respiration

Question 12

What builds up in muscles during oxygen debt in animals?

Answer 12

Lactic acid

Question 13

What do plants and yeast produce instead of lactic acid during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 13

Ethanol and CO₂

Question 14

What is the objective of the experiment with pondweed?

Answer 14

To demonstrate the production of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by pondweed during respiration

Question 15

What hypothesis is tested in the pondweed respiration experiment?

Answer 15

If the pondweed respires, it will release CO₂, which can be detected using an indicator

Question 16

What materials are needed for the pondweed respiration experiment?

Answer 16

• Fresh pondweed (e.g., Elodea) * Test tube * Beaker * Water * Bromothymol blue (BTB) * Glass funnel * Light source * Rubber stopper (optional) * Dark box or aluminum foil

Question 17

What is the first step in the method for the pondweed respiration experiment?

Answer 17

Prepare the test tube by filling it with water and adding bromothymol blue (BTB) or limewater

Question 18

What should happen to the BTB in the test tube with pondweed in the dark?

Answer 18

BTB will turn yellow, indicating CO₂ production

Question 19

What should happen to limewater in the test tube with pondweed in the dark?

Answer 19

Limewater will turn cloudy/milky, confirming CO₂ presence

Question 20

What does it indicate if BTB remains blue or limewater stays clear in the light experiment?

Answer 20

CO₂ may be used up due to photosynthesis

Question 21

What is the conclusion if BTB turns yellow or limewater turns cloudy?

Answer 21

The pondweed is releasing CO₂, proving that respiration is taking place

Question 22

True or False: Respiration in plants occurs only in the absence of light.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

In the light experiment, what may happen if the plant respires more than it photosynthesizes?

Answer 23

CO₂ will still be detected

Question 24

What is respiration?

Answer 24

A chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose

Respiration is not breathing; that is called ventilation.

Question 25

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 25

Respiration that occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly ## Footnote The equation for anaerobic respiration is: glucose → lactic acid.

Question 26

Where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?

Answer 26

In tiny parts of cells called mitochondria ## Footnote Mitochondria are found in the cytoplasm.

Question 27

What type of cells have more mitochondria?

Answer 27

Cells which need more energy, like sperm cells and muscle cells ## Footnote These cells have higher energy demands.

Question 28

What happens during vigorous exercise when the body lacks oxygen?

Answer 28

Anaerobic respiration occurs instead of aerobic respiration ## Footnote This leads to the production of lactic acid.

Question 29

What is EPOC?

Answer 29

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption ## Footnote It was previously known as 'oxygen debt.'

Question 30

What does lactic acid buildup in muscles cause?

Answer 30

Pain and tiredness, which can lead to cramp

Question 31

What occurs after vigorous exercise regarding lactic acid?

Answer 31

Lactic acid reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy ## Footnote This process helps to clear the lactic acid from the muscles.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The reactants of aerobic respiration are _______ and _______.

Answer 32

Glucose, oxygen

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The products of anaerobic respiration are _______.

Answer 33

Lactic acid

Question 34

Rate of reaction for aerobic respiration is _______.

Answer 34

Slow

Question 35

Rate of reaction for anaerobic respiration is _______.

Answer 35

Fast

Question 36

Energy released during aerobic respiration is _______.

Answer 36

More

Question 37

Energy released during anaerobic respiration is _______.

Answer 37

Less

Question 38

What type of respiration occurs in both plants and animals when oxygen is available?

Answer 38

Aerobic Respiration ## Footnote It requires oxygen for the process.

Question 39

What is the oxygen requirement for aerobic respiration?

Answer 39

Requires oxygen

Question 40

What is the glucose breakdown process in aerobic respiration?

Answer 40

Complete breakdown of glucose

Question 41

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 41

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) + Water (H₂O) + Energy (ATP)

Question 42

What is the energy yield of aerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

Answer 42

High (36-38 ATP)

Question 43

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 43

Mitochondria

Question 44

Write the equation for aerobic respiration.

Answer 44

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)

Question 45

What occurs in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 45

Occurs when oxygen is not available or in certain conditions in both plants and animals

Question 46

What is the oxygen requirement for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 46

Does not require oxygen

Question 47

What is the glucose breakdown process in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 47

Incomplete breakdown of glucose

Question 48

What does anaerobic respiration produce in animals?

Answer 48

Lactic acid + Energy

Question 49

What does anaerobic respiration produce in plants and yeast?

Answer 49

Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Question 50

What is the energy yield of anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

Answer 50

Low (2 ATP)

Question 51

Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 51

Cytoplasm

Question 52

Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals.

Answer 52

Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy

Question 53

Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast.

Answer 53

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Question 54

What are the key differences in oxygen use between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 54

Aerobic: Yes, Anaerobic: No

Question 55

What are the end products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 55

CO₂ + H₂O

Question 56

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 56

Lactic acid

Question 57

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast?

Answer 57

Ethanol + CO₂

Question 58

What is the energy yield comparison between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 58

Aerobic: High (36-38 ATP), Anaerobic: Low (2 ATP)

Question 59

Where does aerobic respiration occur within the cell?

Answer 59

Mitochondria

Question 60

Where does anaerobic respiration occur within the cell?

Answer 60

Cytoplasm