Biology CH 2: part 2

Question 0

Cell theory and Bacteria

____the basic units of living organisms. Two categories of cells _______, and _______

Answer 0

Cells; eubacteria, prokaryotic

Question 1

Cell theory and Bacteria

Cell theory

Answer 1

1.all known living things are made up of one or more cells.2. The cell is the basis if structural and functional unit of all living things.3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.

Question 2

Cell theory and Bacteria

Bacteria = _______

Answer 2

Prokaryotic

Question 3

Cell theory and Bacteria

Prokaryotic characteristics

Answer 3

No membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, smallest type of a cell, least complex, unicellular, can’t be seen under a microscope

Question 4

Cell theory and Bacteria

Eukaryotes characteristics

Answer 4

Areas are seperated by membranes, specialized organelles with functions.

Question 5

Cell theory and Bacteria

Characteristics of bacteria

Answer 5

Prokaryotic, micro-microscopic, unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, contain DNA, reproduce asexually (binary fission) (cloning) found EVERYWHERE

Question 6

Cell theory and Bacteria

Archaebacteria characteristics

Answer 6

Most ancient of all organisms, live in extreme environments, cell walls lack peptidoglycan (protein coat+sugar)

Question 7

Cell theory and Bacteria

Groups of archaebacteria

Answer 7

Thermoacidophiles, halophiles, methanogens

Question 8

Cell theory and Bacteria

Thermoacidophiles characteristics

Answer 8

Hot acidic habitats,enzymes still work in high temps.

Question 9

Cell theory and Bacteria

Halophiles characteristics

Answer 9

Salty habitats ( the dead sea, the great salt lake)

Question 10

Cell theory and Bacteria

Methanogens characteristics

Answer 10

Chemotrophs, anaerobic, produce methane ( sewage disposal plants, marshes, digestive tract of cow.

Question 11

Cell theory and Bacteria

Eubacteria characteristics

Answer 11

Cause human disease, very diverse

Question 12

Cell theory and Bacteria

3 major groups defined by

Answer 12

Their cell wall

Mycoplasma, gram positive, gram negative

Question 13

Cell theory and Bacteria

Characteristics of mycoplasma

Answer 13

Lack of cell wall, some cause diseases and are resistant to penicillin, antibiotics are useless because they target the cell wall.

Question 14

Cell theory and Bacteria

Gram positive characteristics

Answer 14

Thick peptidoglycan walls, some are sources of antibiotics and some are used in food production. ( yogurt)

Question 15

Cell theory and Bacteria

Gram negative

Answer 15

Lighter color (pink) because they have thin peptidoglycan walls
Responsible for O2 in air.

Question 16

Cell theory and Bacteria

Heterotrophs

Answer 16

Eubacteria that live almost anywhere and use organic molecules as their food source . Parasites obtain n from living org. Saprophytes feed off dead/organic waste.

Question 17

Cell theory and Bacteria

Photosynthesis autotrophs

Answer 17

Eubacteria live in sunlit places so the organic molecules can make food. Cyanobacteria (blue green)

Question 18

Cell theory and Bacteria

Chemo synthetic autotrophs

Answer 18

organic molecules make food, get energy from inorganic compounds( sulfur and nitrogen) through chemosynthesis

Question 19

Cell theory and Bacteria

Three common shapes of bacteria…

Answer 19

Rods (bacilli), spheres(cocci), spirals (spirilla)

Question 20

Cell theory and Bacteria

______ ________ a process in which bacteria reproduce asexually.

Answer 20

Binary fission

Question 21

Cell theory and Bacteria

________ form of sexual reproduction. Bridge like structure called polis transfers chromosomes to other cells.

Answer 21

Conjugation

Question 22

Cell theory and Bacteria

Binary fission or conjugation

- bacterium with new genetic makeup is produced.

Answer 22

Conjugation

Question 23

Cell theory and Bacteria

Binary fission or conjugation

-Circular chromosome is copied

Answer 23

Binary fission and conjugation

Question 24

# Cell theory and Bacteria Binary fission or conjugation | -genetic material is transferred through a pilus

Answer 24

Conjugation

Question 25

# Cell theory and Bacteria Binary fission or conjugation | -Two identical cells are produced

Answer 25

Binary fission

Question 26

# Cell theory and Bacteria Binary fission or conjugation | -Sexual reproduction occurs

Answer 26

Neither

Question 27

# Cell theory and Bacteria Scientist think the first bacteria on earth were ... - aerobic - anaerobic - fatal - oxygen-dependent

Answer 27

Anaerobic

Question 28

# Cell theory and Bacteria Bacteria that are obligate anaerobes release energy from food by... - cellular respiration -using oxygen - using nitrogen. - fermentation

Answer 28

Cellular respiration

Question 29

# Cell theory and Bacteria As an endospore, a bacterium... - produces toxins - dries out - causes diseases - is protected

Answer 29

Is protected

Question 30

# Cell theory and Bacteria Botulism is caused by endospores of c.botulism that have - been killed - produced toxins - germinated - reproduced

Answer 30

Produced toxins

Question 31

# Cell theory and Bacteria Nitrogen is important to all organisms to produce ...

Answer 31

Proteins, ATP, DNA

Question 32

# Cell theory and Bacteria Bacteria are not used to make - vinegar - jams - cheese - yogurt

Answer 32

Jams

Question 33

# Cell theory and Bacteria Aerobes

Answer 33

Require oxygen

Question 34

# Cell theory and Bacteria Anaerobes

Answer 34

Killed by oxygen

Question 35

# Cell theory and Bacteria An____ is a tiny structure that contains a bacteriums DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a rough outer cover that resists drying out, temp extremes, and hatch chemicals.

Answer 35

Endospores

Question 36

# Cell theory and Bacteria Similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 36

1) Enclosed by plasma membranes. 2) Contain ribosomes. 3) Have DNA. 4) Filled with cytoplasm.

Question 37

# Cell theory and Bacteria Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 37

1. ) size ( prokaryote smaller) 2. ) organelles (p=no, e= yes) 3. ) nucleus (p=no, e= yes)

Question 38

# Cell theory and Bacteria Examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 38

Bacteria,?

Question 39

# Cell theory and Bacteria Eubacteria and archae similarities

Answer 39

Both prokaryotic, get nutrition through wastes.