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Biology Ch 1-4 > Biology Ch. 5-7 > Flashcards

Biology Ch. 5-7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the storage polysaccharide in plants

A

Starch

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2
Q

What is the storage polysaccraide in animals

A

glycogen

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3
Q

what is cellulose

A

polymer of glucose, most abundant compound on earth

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4
Q

what is the major component of plant cell walls

A

cellulose

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5
Q

what are insects, spiders considered

A

exoskeleton arthropods, structural polysaccharide

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6
Q

hydrolysis

A

releases energy in the form of glucose

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7
Q

proteins

A

chains of amino acids, consist of one or more polypetides

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8
Q

Four main important large molecules

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids

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9
Q

What are macromolecules

A

huge, complex formed by similar molecules

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10
Q

What are polymers

A

long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks

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11
Q

What are monomers

A

small molecules that are repeated in polymers

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12
Q

What are enzymes

A

macro-molecules that speed up the chemical reactions in cells.

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13
Q

When are enzymes important

A

dehydration and hydrolysis

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14
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

polymers of sugars

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15
Q

What is a monosacchride

A

Carbonyl and hydroxyl group, usually CH2O

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16
Q

Classification of Monosaccharides

A

location of Carbonyl, size of carbon skeleton, spatial arrangements of parts around carbon atoms

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17
Q

What does a Monosaccharide do in a cell

A

form rings in aqueous solution, nutrients the cell especially glucose

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18
Q

What is a Disaccharide

A

two Monosaccharides form a covalent bond from dehydration

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19
Q

Common Disaccharides

A

lactose and maltose

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20
Q

What are Polysaccharides

A

macromolecules, storage, building materials for structures that protect the cell or organism

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21
Q

Glucose Monomers (Starch)

A

stored energy (plants) Hydrolysis releases energy

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22
Q

Glucose Monomers (Glycogen)

A

stored in liver and muscle cells, hydrolysis releases energy

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23
Q

What is Cellulose

A

major component of plant cell walls and abundant organic compound on earth

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24
Q

Exoskeleton of arthopods are what

A

structural polysaccharides

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25
Q

Lipids

A

hydrophobic carbon skeleton and not true polymers

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26
Q

fats

A

formed by dehydration reaction, glycerol and fatty acids

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27
Q

what bond does saturated fats have

A

single bonds

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28
Q

what bond does unsaturated fats have

A

double bonds

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29
Q

What are Phosolipids

A

essential to the cell, make up cell membrane, hydroxyl group

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30
Q

3 hydrophobic polypetides

A

Valine, Phenylalanine, Alanine

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31
Q

3 Polar Amino Acids

A

Cysteine, Serine, Tyrosine

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32
Q

4 Structures Protein Levels

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

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33
Q

What is the Primary Structure

A

Sequence of Amino Acids

34
Q

What is the Secondary Structure

A

Hydrogen Bonds

35
Q

What is Tertiary Structure

A

Overall shape and interaction with chain

36
Q

What is Quaternary Structure

A

Overall structure of polypetides

37
Q

4 causes of Denaturation

A

pH, salt concentration, temperature, solvent

38
Q

Two types of Nucleic acids

A

Deoxyribonucleic, ribonucleic

39
Q

Classification of RNA

A

ribose, single strand

40
Q

classification of DNA

A

deoxyribose, double stranded

41
Q

Three important parameters of a microscope

A

Magnification, resolution, contrast

42
Q

what microscope prep kills cells

A

electron microscope

43
Q

what transmits the image on the electron microscope

A

a beam shooting in the electrons ( on surface)

44
Q

5 things that all cells have

A

plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes, proteins

45
Q

What are prokaryotic cells

A

DNA is membrane bound called nucleoid, no membrane bound organelles, smaller

46
Q

What are eukaryotic cells

A

DNA membrane bound called nucleus, mitochandria, chloroplast, bigger

47
Q

Surface Area of the cell

A

the larger the cell the smaller the surface area, the smaller the cell the larger the surface area

48
Q

what is the nuclear envelope

A

double membrane, lipid bilayer

49
Q

what do the pores do

A

regulate entry, exit of proteins and RNA

50
Q

What is Chromatin

A

complex proteins and DNA within nucleus

51
Q

What is the Endomembrane System

A

collection of membranes inside eurkaryotic cells or transfer vesicles

52
Q

What are vesicles

A

sacs made of membranes

53
Q

what is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

called ER, extensive network of membranes

54
Q

Cisternae

A

tubules and sac membranes

55
Q

Lumen

A

inside of Er cisternae

56
Q

What are the two types of ER

A

Smooth and Rough

57
Q

What is the Rough ER

A

makes proteins, glycoproteins, polypeptides grow within

58
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

stores and distributes products

59
Q

What is the Smooth ER

A

makes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium

60
Q

What is a stack of flattened membranes

A

Asternae

61
Q

what is the function of lysosomes

A

speed up hydrolysis of polymers, carries out intracelluar digestion

62
Q

What does Phagocytosis

A

eats a cell

63
Q

Selective Permability

A

regulate the transportation of substances in and out of the cell

64
Q

Fluid Mosiac Model

A

scientific model of the plasma membrane

65
Q

why do proteins move slower the lipids

A

because of the size of the cells

66
Q

what do cholestrol buffers do

A

prevent lipid movement at high temperatures, and prevent close packing at cool temperatures

67
Q

Intergral Proteins

A

penetrate hydrophobic core of bilayer

68
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

bound to the surface of the membrane and integral proteins

69
Q

What are the 6 major functions of membrane

A

transport, cell to cell recognition, intercelluar joining, enzyme activity, signal tranduction, attachment to cytoskeleton

70
Q

Transport function

A

movement of substances across the membrane

71
Q

Enzyme Activity

A

Catalysts to reaction

72
Q

Signal Transduction

A

receives chemical messages and relays to other side of membrane

73
Q

cell to cell recognition

A

Recognize glycoproteins serving as ID tags

74
Q

Intercelluar joining

A

form cell junctions

75
Q

attachment to Cytoskeleton

A

maintain cell shape

76
Q

nonpolar molecules

A

hydrocarbons,oxygen, carbon dioxide

77
Q

two types of transport proteins

A

channel(aquporins) and carrier proteins

78
Q

two modes of membrane support

A

passive no energy and active needs ATP

79
Q

What is Osmosis

A

diffusion of water in the a selectively permeable membrane

80
Q

What is Toncitity

A

ability for a solutions to gain or lose water

81
Q

Three types of Toncitiy

A

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, isotonic

Biology Ch 1-4 (4 decks)

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