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Biology Ch 1-4 > Biology Ch. 5-7 > Flashcards

Biology Ch. 5-7 Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

what is the storage polysaccharide in plants

A

Starch

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2
Q

What is the storage polysaccraide in animals

A

glycogen

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3
Q

what is cellulose

A

polymer of glucose, most abundant compound on earth

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4
Q

what is the major component of plant cell walls

A

cellulose

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5
Q

what are insects, spiders considered

A

exoskeleton arthropods, structural polysaccharide

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6
Q

hydrolysis

A

releases energy in the form of glucose

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7
Q

proteins

A

chains of amino acids, consist of one or more polypetides

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8
Q

Four main important large molecules

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids

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9
Q

What are macromolecules

A

huge, complex formed by similar molecules

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10
Q

What are polymers

A

long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks

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11
Q

What are monomers

A

small molecules that are repeated in polymers

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12
Q

What are enzymes

A

macro-molecules that speed up the chemical reactions in cells.

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13
Q

When are enzymes important

A

dehydration and hydrolysis

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14
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

polymers of sugars

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15
Q

What is a monosacchride

A

Carbonyl and hydroxyl group, usually CH2O

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16
Q

Classification of Monosaccharides

A

location of Carbonyl, size of carbon skeleton, spatial arrangements of parts around carbon atoms

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17
Q

What does a Monosaccharide do in a cell

A

form rings in aqueous solution, nutrients the cell especially glucose

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18
Q

What is a Disaccharide

A

two Monosaccharides form a covalent bond from dehydration

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19
Q

Common Disaccharides

A

lactose and maltose

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20
Q

What are Polysaccharides

A

macromolecules, storage, building materials for structures that protect the cell or organism

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21
Q

Glucose Monomers (Starch)

A

stored energy (plants) Hydrolysis releases energy

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22
Q

Glucose Monomers (Glycogen)

A

stored in liver and muscle cells, hydrolysis releases energy

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23
Q

What is Cellulose

A

major component of plant cell walls and abundant organic compound on earth

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24
Q

Exoskeleton of arthopods are what

A

structural polysaccharides

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25
Lipids
hydrophobic carbon skeleton and not true polymers
26
fats
formed by dehydration reaction, glycerol and fatty acids
27
what bond does saturated fats have
single bonds
28
what bond does unsaturated fats have
double bonds
29
What are Phosolipids
essential to the cell, make up cell membrane, hydroxyl group
30
3 hydrophobic polypetides
Valine, Phenylalanine, Alanine
31
3 Polar Amino Acids
Cysteine, Serine, Tyrosine
32
4 Structures Protein Levels
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
33
What is the Primary Structure
Sequence of Amino Acids
34
What is the Secondary Structure
Hydrogen Bonds
35
What is Tertiary Structure
Overall shape and interaction with chain
36
What is Quaternary Structure
Overall structure of polypetides
37
4 causes of Denaturation
pH, salt concentration, temperature, solvent
38
Two types of Nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic, ribonucleic
39
Classification of RNA
ribose, single strand
40
classification of DNA
deoxyribose, double stranded
41
Three important parameters of a microscope
Magnification, resolution, contrast
42
what microscope prep kills cells
electron microscope
43
what transmits the image on the electron microscope
a beam shooting in the electrons ( on surface)
44
5 things that all cells have
plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes, proteins
45
What are prokaryotic cells
DNA is membrane bound called nucleoid, no membrane bound organelles, smaller
46
What are eukaryotic cells
DNA membrane bound called nucleus, mitochandria, chloroplast, bigger
47
Surface Area of the cell
the larger the cell the smaller the surface area, the smaller the cell the larger the surface area
48
what is the nuclear envelope
double membrane, lipid bilayer
49
what do the pores do
regulate entry, exit of proteins and RNA
50
What is Chromatin
complex proteins and DNA within nucleus
51
What is the Endomembrane System
collection of membranes inside eurkaryotic cells or transfer vesicles
52
What are vesicles
sacs made of membranes
53
what is the endoplasmic reticulum
called ER, extensive network of membranes
54
Cisternae
tubules and sac membranes
55
Lumen
inside of Er cisternae
56
What are the two types of ER
Smooth and Rough
57
What is the Rough ER
makes proteins, glycoproteins, polypeptides grow within
58
Golgi Apparatus
stores and distributes products
59
What is the Smooth ER
makes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium
60
What is a stack of flattened membranes
Asternae
61
what is the function of lysosomes
speed up hydrolysis of polymers, carries out intracelluar digestion
62
What does Phagocytosis
eats a cell
63
Selective Permability
regulate the transportation of substances in and out of the cell
64
Fluid Mosiac Model
scientific model of the plasma membrane
65
why do proteins move slower the lipids
because of the size of the cells
66
what do cholestrol buffers do
prevent lipid movement at high temperatures, and prevent close packing at cool temperatures
67
Intergral Proteins
penetrate hydrophobic core of bilayer
68
Peripheral proteins
bound to the surface of the membrane and integral proteins
69
What are the 6 major functions of membrane
transport, cell to cell recognition, intercelluar joining, enzyme activity, signal tranduction, attachment to cytoskeleton
70
Transport function
movement of substances across the membrane
71
Enzyme Activity
Catalysts to reaction
72
Signal Transduction
receives chemical messages and relays to other side of membrane
73
cell to cell recognition
Recognize glycoproteins serving as ID tags
74
Intercelluar joining
form cell junctions
75
attachment to Cytoskeleton
maintain cell shape
76
nonpolar molecules
hydrocarbons,oxygen, carbon dioxide
77
two types of transport proteins
channel(aquporins) and carrier proteins
78
two modes of membrane support
passive no energy and active needs ATP
79
What is Osmosis
diffusion of water in the a selectively permeable membrane
80
What is Toncitity
ability for a solutions to gain or lose water
81
Three types of Toncitiy
Hypertonic, Hypotonic, isotonic

Biology Ch 1-4 (4 decks)

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