Biology Chapter 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Assist in the proper folding of proteins.
Chaperone Proteins
Misfolded proteins cause other proteins to misfold, leading to diseases
Prions
Polymers of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)
Nucleic Acids
Composed of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Nucleotide
Specific hydrogen bonding between bases in DNA (A-T, C-G) and RNA (A-U, C-G).
Complementary Base Pairing
High-energy molecules provide energy for cellular processes.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Lipids with a carbon skeleton of four fused rings
Steroids
Long-chain fatty acids connected to carbon chains with alcohol functional groups; solid, waterproof, and resistant to degradation.
Waxes
Covalent bond between amino acids
Peptide Bond
Long chain of amino acids.
Polypeptide
Loss of protein shape due to external factors.
Denaturation
Linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Primary Structure
Alpha helices and beta sheets in a protein.
Secondary Structure
The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide.
Tertiary Structure
Structure formed by multiple polypeptides.
Quaternary Structure
A reaction that joins subunits by forming a covalent bond and producing water.
Dehydration Reaction
A reaction that breaks covalent bonds by adding water.
Hydrolysis Reaction
A molecule that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed or changed.
Enzyme
A single sugar molecule
Monosaccharide
A molecule composed of two monosaccharides.
Disaccharide
A polymer of monosaccharides.
Polysaccharide
Inability to digest lactose due to lack of lactase enzyme
Lactose Intolerance
A polysaccharide found in plant cell walls
Cellulose
A polysaccharide found in fungi cell walls and animal exoskeletons.
Chitin
