Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards
(24 cards)
Anything with mass and volume
Matter
Pure substance of one type of atom.
Element
The smallest unit of an element.
Atom
A positively charged particle in the nucleus.
Proton
A neutral particle in the nucleus.
Neutron
A negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.
Electron
An atom with varying numbers of neutrons
Isotope
An unstable isotope that emits radiation.
Radioactive Isotope
Two or more atoms chemically bonded
Molecule
A substance made of different elements bonded together.
Compound
A bond is formed by electron transfer.
Ionic Bond
A bond is formed by electron sharing.
Covalent Bond
Unequal sharing of electrons
Polar Covalent Bond
Equal sharing of electrons.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
A weak bond between molecules.
Hydrogen Bond
A measure of acidity or alkalinity.
pH Scale
A substance with a pH below 7.
Acid
A substance with a pH above 7
Base
A substance that regulates pH balance
Buffer
Water molecules sticking together
Cohesion
Water molecules stick to other surfaces.
Adhesion
The ability of a substance to absorb heat
Heat Capacity
Energy required for a liquid to become gas.
Heat of Evaporation
An atom’s ability to attract electrons.
Electronegativity
