Biology Chapter 3 (continued)

Question 1

Triglycerides

Answer 1

long term energy storage

Question 2

Diglycerides

Answer 2

basis for cell membranes

Question 3

steroids

Answer 3

function as hormones

Question 4

Miller

Answer 4

Urey experiment (primordial soup theory)

Question 5

Organic Compounds( amino acids) from inorganic precursors

Answer 5

water methane ammonia hydrogen
deep sea vent theory
methane and ammonia produced by vents react with carbon dioxide and mineral sulfides

Question 6

cell theory *first

Answer 6

Robert Hooke 1665

identified cells in cork

Question 7

cell theory *second

Answer 7

Matthias Schleidan 1839

plants

Question 8

cell theory *third

Answer 8

Theodor Schwann 1839

Animals

Question 9

Organisms

Answer 9

Made up of one or more cells

Question 10

Cells

Answer 10

functional units of multicellular organism
a cell can arise only from another living cell
cells are very small measured in micrometers
very high surface area to volume ratio (SA/V)

Question 11

Basic Cell Structure

Answer 11

cell membrane and or cell wall
cytoplasm* 
-cytosol 
- organelles
nucleus* 
*(eukaryotes only)

Question 12

Primary Structure

Answer 12

Cell membrane

cell wall

Question 13

cell membrane

Answer 13

Lipids (phospholipid Bilayer)

Question 14

Cell wall

Answer 14

carbohydrates (cellulose and protein)

Question 15

Prokaryotes

Answer 15

most ancient and simplest group of organisms dating back 3.5bya

• Archaebacteria: Extremophile
• Eubacteria: common “true” bacteria

Question 16

Prokaryotic cells have

Answer 16

cytosol
single chromosome
cell membrane and cell wall( no organelles)

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells do not have

Answer 17

organelles

nucleus

Question 18

single chromosome

Answer 18

prokaryote DNA is not enclosed within a nucleus

localized in an area called nucleoid

Question 19

prokaryote

Answer 19

cell membranes are encased by a structural polysaccharide (cell wall)
some bacteria have an extra cell membrane
those with extra membrane resist crystal violet staining
gram negative (pathogens)

Question 20

Cell theory (continued)

Answer 20

cells begin to differentiate around two billion years ago

Question 21

organelles don’t have there own dna through

Answer 21

endosymbiotic evolution

where prokaryotic cell engulfs another prokaryotic cell