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CAU > biology digestion > Flashcards

biology digestion Flashcards

1
Q

harbivores

A

eat plants and include cattle, gorillas,
sea urchins, and snails

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2
Q

carnivores

A

eat meat and include lions, owls, whales, and spiders

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3
Q

omnivores

A

eat plants and other animals and include humans, cockroaches, raccoons, and crows

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4
Q

suspension feeders

A

capture food particles from the surrounding medium. Whale and Manta ray (filter feeding - vortex filtration)

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5
Q

substrate feeders

A

live in or on their food source and eat their way through it

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6
Q

fluid feeders

A

suck nutrient-rich fluids from a living host (mosquito, butterfly)

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7
Q

bulk feeders

A

ingest large pieces of food

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8
Q

food is processed in four stages

A

ingestion
digestion
absorbtion
elimination

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9
Q

oral cavity

A

mouth

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9
Q

alimentary canal

A

canal that runs from mouth to anus with specialized regions along the way

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10
Q

peristalsis

A

peristaltika
moved along through the alimentary canal by the rhythmic muscle contractions

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11
Q

sphincters

A

sąsmauka
moved into and out of the stomach

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12
Q

pharnyx

A

ryklė

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13
Q

esophagus

A

stemplė

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14
Q

saliva contains

A

mucus (a mixture of water, salts, and slippery carbohydrate- protein complex) which protects the soft lining of the mouth and lubricates food
buffers (neutralize food acids)
antibacterial agents (digestive enzyme amylase: digest
starch into disaccharide maltose)

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15
Q

pharynx or throat opens to two passageways

A

the esophagus (part of the digestive system)
the trachea (or windpipe, part of the respiratory system)

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16
Q

when breathing epiglottis is up

A

larnyx is down

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17
Q

when eating epiglottis is down

A

larnyx is up

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18
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

forceful elevation of the diaphragm

19
Q

gastric juice

A

made up of a protein-digesting enzyme (pepsinogen), mucus (protects stomach from acid and pepsin), and strong acid

20
Q

HCl

A

converts pepsonpgen in to pepsin

20
Q

gastric clands have three types of cells

A
  • secrete different component of gastric juice
  • mucous cells: secrete mucusàlubricant and protection - parietal cell: secrete hydrogen and chloride ions
  • chief cell: secrete pepsinogen
20
Q

chyme

A

what’s left after digestion in stomach

21
Q

bile

A

tulžis

22
Q

duodenum

A

dvylikapirštė žarna

23
Q

gallbladder

A

tulžies pūslė

24
Q

pancreatic juice

A

produced from pancreas
a mixture of digestive enzymes
alkaline solution which can neutralize the acidic chyme

25
Q

bile

A

made in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder
contains bile salts which break fats into small droplets

26
Q

carbohydrates

A

maltose -> maltaze/sucrase

27
Q

proteins

A

trypsin

28
Q

DNA and RNA

A

nucleases

29
Q

Fat globules

A

bile salts -> lipase

30
Q

villi

A

made in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder
contains bile salts which break fats into small droplets

31
Q

the absorbed amino acids and sugars directly go to the blood vessel

A

the absorbed fatty acids and glycerol become fats which bind to lipoprotein, are delivered to lymph vessel, and then are transported to blood vessel later

32
Q

blood from digestive tract drains into

A

hepatic portal vein and then into the liver

33
Q

excess glucose ->

A

glycogen

34
Q

cecum

A

large intestine has a pouch
appendix

35
Q

water absorption

A

90% out of 2L of water and 7L of digestive juice is absorbed in the small intestine. The remaining 10% of water is absorbed in the large intestine

36
Q

colon

A

storoji žarna

37
Q

rectum

A

akloji žarna

38
Q

compartmentsthathouse cellulose-digesting microbes

A
  • koalas: cecum
  • rabbits and rodents: cecum and large intestine
  • ruminants: cattle, sheep, deer- 4 stomach
39
Q

essential fatty acids

A

Methionine, Valine (Histidine), Threonine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Tryptophan, Lysine

40
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

DEKA

41
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 12
C

42
Q

hormone leptin

A

produced by adipose cells and suppress appetite

CAU (17 decks)

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