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Ravenclaw - STUDY GUIDE!!! > Biology Exam - 3rd > Flashcards

Biology Exam - 3rd Flashcards

To help me get a good grade on my Biology Exam!!!!!!!!!!!

1
Q

Annelida

A

Segmented worms

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2
Q

Amebocytes

A

Cells in a sponge that preform digestion and transport function

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3
Q

Arthopoda

A

Insects, lobsters, spiders. They have exoskeletons

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4
Q

Assymetrical

A

Animals with no symmetry

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5
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

Organisms can be divided through the center to create mirror images

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6
Q

Blastula

A

A hallow ball of cells

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7
Q

Chordata

A

Fish, birds, reptiles, mammals. Have backbones

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8
Q

Cleavage

A

When a single cell in converted to a multicellular zygote

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9
Q

Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish and sea anemones. Radial Symmetry

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10
Q

Collar Cells

A

Line the inside of the sponge’s hollow sac-like body; appear to have a collar, with a flagella that extends from the collar

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11
Q

Echinodermata

A

Sea stars and sea urchins

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12
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outside layer

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13
Q

Ectothermic

A

Body temperature rises and falls with the temperature of the surrounding environment

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14
Q

Endoderm

A

Inside layer

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15
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton made of plates called ossicles

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16
Q

Endothermic

A

Use energy from cellular respiration to keep warm

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17
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Plated outer covering

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18
Q

Gastrulation

A

Occurs when cells move inside the blastula and form multilayer of cells called germ layer

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19
Q

Germ Layer

A

Multiple layers of cells: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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20
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

Having both male and female reproductive organs that produce both sperm and eggs

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21
Q

Hydroskeleton

A

Fluid-filled layer compartment in the body

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22
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals that don’t have a backbone

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23
Q

Mesenchyme

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge

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24
Q

Mesoderm

A

The middle derm layer which will form the circulatory system, muscle, and bones

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25
Q

Mollusca

A

Claims, snails, and squid

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26
Q

Motile

A

Capable of movement

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27
Q

Nematoda

A

Roundworms

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28
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

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29
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

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30
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

Organisms can be divided into many different ways to form mirror images

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31
Q

Sessile

A

An organism that does not move

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32
Q

Spicules

A

A network support system made of lime or silica with a hard spiny feel

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33
Q

Spongin

A

A web of protein with a soft feel

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34
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animals with a backbone

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35
Q

Aortic Arches

A

Function as tiny hearts that pump blood through the blood vessels

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36
Q

Clitellum

A

a barral-shaped swelling around the body that assists in reproduction

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37
Q

Complete Digestive System

A

Digestive system consisting of a digestive tract and two body openings; Worms use a shovel-like upper lip to scoop soil into their mouth and pass it into the pharynx.

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38
Q

Cuticle

A

Protects roundworms from the digestive enzymes of the host

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39
Q

Eyespots

A

Sense light

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40
Q

Flatworms

A
  1. Parasitic flatworms: organisms that live on or in another organism and benefit by taking nutrients from that organism at the expense of the host
  2. Free-living flatworms: can live on land, in the ocean, or in fresh water
  3. Three classes of flatworms:
    a) Flukes (parasitic)
    b) Tapeworms (parasitic)
    c) Planarians (free-living)
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41
Q

Flukes

A

Parasitic flatworms; require at least two hosts and spend part of their lives in snails

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42
Q

Ganglion

A

Mass of nerve cells that function like a simple “brain” in the anterior

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43
Q

Nematoda

A

Roundworms

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44
Q

Nephredia

A

Coiled tubes that are open at both ends and function as tiny kidneys

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45
Q

Parasites

A

Organisms that live off other organisms

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46
Q

Paristalsis

A

A wave-like process that moves food through the digestive system

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47
Q

Planarians

A

Free-living flatworms

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48
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

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49
Q

Roundworms

A
  1. Bodies resemble a thread
  2. Live in nearly every environment
  3. Can be free-living or parasitic
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50
Q

Scolex

A

Small, knoblike head of a tapeworm

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51
Q

Segmentedworm

A
  1. Bodies appear to have ringed segments
  2. Found in different habitats
  3. Parasitic and free-living species
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52
Q

Setae

A

Bristle-like structures that help segmented worms move

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53
Q

Tapeworms

A

Parasitic flatworm; have no mouth or digestive system, but absorb nutrients from their host

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54
Q

Ampulla

A

Muscle structure on the internal side of tube feet

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55
Q

Anthozoa

A

Sea anemones and corals

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56
Q

Class Asteroidea

A

Sea Stars

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57
Q

Class Echinoidea

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars

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58
Q

Class Holothuroidea

A

Sea cucumers

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59
Q

Class Ophiuroidea

A

Brittle stars

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60
Q

Cnidocytes

A

Stinging cells on tentacles

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61
Q

Contractile Cells

A

Bend the organism’s body allowing it to move through the water

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62
Q

Coral

A

Colonial creatures: each coral is an individual multicellular organism, but they form a colony that’s interdependent on one another

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63
Q

Epithelium

A

Contains nerve cells and contractile cells

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64
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton made up of plates called ossicles

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65
Q

Class Hydrozoa

A

Hydra, hydroid colonies, and the Portuguese Man-of-War

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66
Q

Lateral Canals

A

Branch perpendicularly off the radial canals and terminate at tube feet

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67
Q

Medusa

A

a) umbrella shaped body with its mouth facing downward and tentacles extending around it
b) Motile

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68
Q

Mesoglea

A

A jelly-like substance between the inner layer and outer layer of cells in a cnidarian

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69
Q

Nematocysts

A

Coiled tubes containing an attached barb that discharges a toxin when launched

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70
Q

Ossicles

A

Plates that make up the endoskeleton

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71
Q

Papulae

A

Tubular extensions that assist in gas exchange

72
Q

Pentaradial Symmetry

A

Have 5 arms evenly distributed around a central disc

73
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Sea stars and sea urchins

74
Q

Polyp

A

a) cup-shaped tubular body form with a mouth and tentacles at one end, and a base that attaches to a hard surface on the other end
b) Sessile

75
Q

Radial Canals

A

Extend from central part of the echinoderm’s body down each ray

76
Q

Ring Canal

A

Where water enters, surrounding the mouth

77
Q

Class Scyphozoa

A

Jellyfish

78
Q

Sieve Plate

A

Filters sea water before it enters the system

79
Q

Symbiotic

A

Relationships with certain organisms where both organisms benefit from one another

80
Q

Tube Feet

A

Hollow foot-like knobs

81
Q

Water Vascular System

A

A system of tubes filled with water extending through their entire body

82
Q

Adductor Muscles

A

Strong muscles holding the shells together

83
Q

Bivalves

A

Suspension feeders, filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water

84
Q

Cephalopods

A

A member of a group of molluscs that include squids and octopus

85
Q

Cilia

A

Hair like extensions on the gills move the food to the mouth opening where it’s ingested

86
Q

Closed Circulatory System

A

a) Blood vessels that move blood through their body
b) Two branchial hearts which move the deoxygenated blood to the gills
c) One systemic heart which pumps the oxygenated blood throughout the body

87
Q

Excurrent Siphon

A

Area where water leaves the bivalve’s body

88
Q

Gastropds

A

Snails and slugs

89
Q

Hinge Teeth

A

Interlock to prevent valves from sliding sideways when closed

90
Q

Incurrent Siphon

A

Moves water into the cavity to the gills where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

91
Q

Mantle

A

An outer body wall covering the visceral hump

92
Q

Marine

A

Of or relating to the sea

93
Q

Muscular Foot

A

Found inside the shells and used for movement

94
Q

Nacre

A

Secreted in thin layers coating irritants or parasites inside the shell, creating a pearl over time

95
Q

Open Circulatory System

A

With a heart but no blood vessels

96
Q

Radula

A

Rough, tongue-like organ used to scrape food into their mouth and carry it to the digestive tract

97
Q

Sessile

A

Fixed in one place; immobile

98
Q

Suspension Feeders

A

Bivalves; filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water

99
Q

Tentacles

A

Long arm-like with suction cups, like on an octopus

100
Q

Umbo

A

The small bulge on the two shells near the hinge

101
Q

Visceral Mass

A

Located between the two sides of the mantle and contains most of the organism’s organs

102
Q

Abdomen

A

The posterior segments of an arthoropd

103
Q

Aedeagus

A

Organ that allows males to secrete sperm

104
Q

Antennae

A

Organs that touch, smells, and sometimes hear

105
Q

Book Lungs

A

Respiratory organs with many thin layers where air circulates and the exchange of gasses takes place—oxygen passes into a blood filled chamber

106
Q

Carapace

A

A single exoskeleton plate that cover the cephalothorax

107
Q

Chelicerae

A

A short pair of appendages used to capture and crush prey

108
Q

Chelipeds

A

Claws on the first pair of legs used for grooming, fighting, and capture prey

109
Q

Compound Eyes

A

Allow the animals to see in many different directions at once

110
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Hardened outer covering of the body

111
Q

Jointed Appendages

A

Most distinguishing characteristics of arthropods. Structures such as a legs, wings, or antennae that extend from the body wall of an arthropod and enable them to move and grasp objects

112
Q

Labium

A

Lower Lip

113
Q

Mandibles

A

Mouthparts of arthropods used to crush and tear apart food

114
Q

Maxillae

A

Upper jaw; used to chew food

115
Q

Metamorphosis

A

Change of form; 2 types - complete and incomplete

116
Q

Molt

A

To shed hair, skin, or an outer layer periodically

117
Q

Ovipositor

A

Organ that allows femals to deposit eggs

118
Q

Pedipalps

A

Used for sensing and feeding; located between chelicerae and the first pair of legs which may contain pincers

119
Q

Saprophytes

A

Eat decaying leaves and plant matter

120
Q

Simple Eyes

A

Detect the presence of light

121
Q

Spermatophore

A

Packet of sperm

122
Q

Spinnerets

A

Structures located at the tip of the abdomen, used to spin silk

123
Q

Spiracles

A

Small pores on each segment allowing air to enter the body

124
Q

Swimmerets

A

Appendages used for swimming and reproduction, located on the abdomen

125
Q

Telson

A

Fan shaped tail at the end of the body

126
Q

Thorax

A

The region between head and abdomen

127
Q

Trachea

A

Delivers gasses throughout the body

128
Q

Amniotes

A

Member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protect the embryo; mammals, birds, reptiles

129
Q

Anura

A

Meaning “tailless ones,” including frogs and toads

130
Q

Apoda

A

Meaning “legless ones”

131
Q

Carapace

A

Upper shell composed of bony plates

132
Q

Class Amphibia

A

Amphibians - 3 orders: Anura, Urodela, and Apoda

133
Q

Cloacal Opening

A

The opening through which undigested waste, urine, egg, and sperm cells pass out of the amphibian’s body

134
Q

Crocodilia

A

Includes crocodiles, caimans, alligators, and gharial; semi-aquatic

135
Q

Cutaneous Respiration

A

Breathing through skin, smooth, permeable skin

136
Q

Epidermal Scales

A

Arise from the skin, but are not living tissue

137
Q

Hibernation

A

A state where metabolism, heart rate, and respiration slow down until the weather warms

138
Q

Oviparous

A

Eggs are hatched after they’ve been laid by the parent

139
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Eggs are hatched inside the parent

140
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

a) eggs develop into embryos without fertilization
b) entire species is female, no males are present

141
Q

Plasteron

A

Lower shell

142
Q

Sphenodontia

A
  1. One living species in this order: the tuatara
  2. Lives over 100 years
  3. Nocturnal
  4. Does not have external ears
  5. Third eye located on the top of the head, used for sensing light
143
Q

Squamata

A

Lizards and snakes

144
Q

Testudines

A

Turtles and tortoises

145
Q

Urodela

A

Meaning “tailed ones,” including salamanders and newts

146
Q

Yolk Sac

A

Provides food for the embryo

147
Q

Air Sacs

A

Provide a constant supply of oxygen while birds fly and keep birds cool by expelling heat

148
Q

Brooding

A

Sitting on the eggs to keep them warm as they develop

149
Q

Contour Feathers

A

Strong feathers found on the body, wings, and tail that aid in flight

150
Q

Down Feathers

A

Soft feathers that provide insulation and are very light

151
Q

Keratin

A

A hard protein; makes up feathers for birds

152
Q

Migratory Patterns

A

Birds relocate as the season changes where they have better access to food and nesting locations

153
Q

Placental

A

A mammal whose offspring develop inside the female’s uterus

154
Q

Pneumatized Bones

A

Porous bones that are hollow and light

155
Q

Torpor

A

Deep sleep with decreased heart rate but maintain warm body temperatures

156
Q

Viviparously

A

Inside the mother

157
Q

Asymmetrical

A

No symmetry

158
Q

Autotrophic

A

Producers; organisms that make their own food

159
Q

Bilateral Symmetry`

A

Organisms can be divided through the center to create mirror images

160
Q

Cleavage

A

When a single cell is converted to a multicellular zygote

161
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outside layer

162
Q

Ectothermic

A

Body temperature rises and falls with the temperature of the surrounding environment

163
Q

Endoderm

A

Inside layer

164
Q

Endothermic

A

Use energy from cellular respiration to keep warm

165
Q

Gastrulation

A

When the fluid-filled ball begins to form 3 germ layers

166
Q

Germ Layer

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

167
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs

168
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Consume other organisms for fuel

169
Q

Invertebrate ‘

A

Animals that don’t have backbones

170
Q

Mesoderm

A

Develops between the endoderm and ectoderm

171
Q

Oviparous

A

Eggs are hatched after they’ve been laid by the parent

172
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Eggs are hatched inside the parent

173
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

Organisms can be divided in many different ways to form mirror images

174
Q

Vertebrate

A

An animal that has a backbone

175
Q

Viviparous

A

Inside the mother

Ravenclaw - STUDY GUIDE!!! (13 decks)

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