Biology Final

Question 1

Which of the following is true concerning positive feedback pathways?

Answer 1

When present, they must have a mechanism for self-termination

Question 2

What factors determine the direction of movement of ions across a biological membrane?

Answer 2

Both membrane potential and concentration gradient

Question 3

The detection of pitch (frequency of sound) is generally most dependent upon the physical properties of what specific structure?

Answer 3

Basilar membrane

Question 4

What Antibody-secreting cells that release antibodies during an active infection.

Answer 4

Plasma Cells

Question 5

A fish living in freshwater tends to:

Answer 5

Drink little; urinate a lot

Question 6

What is considered the “functional unit” of the kidney?

Answer 6

Nephron

Question 7

Opening what channels would depolarize the cell?

Answer 7

Cl- and Na+ channels

Question 8

A well-trained athlete has a resting heart rate of only 60 beats/minutes, a stroke volume of 100 mL and respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute. What is this person’s cardiac output?

Answer 8

6000 mL

Question 9

Myosin heads bind to _______, which they then pull and cause sliding towards the center of the sarcomere.

Answer 9

Thin filaments

Question 10

An osmoconformer must live in which of the following environments?

Answer 10

Sea water

Question 11

The pancreas plays a major role in the maintenance of blood glucose levels by releasing hormones that alter circulating glucose levels. After a meal, the pancreas releases __________ and this leads to a(n) ___________ in circulating glucose concentration.

Answer 11

Insulin; decrease

Question 12

T/F : In a cell that generates action potentials, a strong stimulus will produce a higher frequency of action potentials than weaker ones.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

In children suffering from Kwashiorkor, the major deficiency they suffer is in:

Answer 13

Protein

Question 14

To generate greater tension in a whole muscle requires the stimulation of additional muscle fibers to contract. This process is called

Answer 14

Recruitment

Question 15

The oxygen concentration found in the alveoli is lower than in the outside air. The cause of this is:

Answer 15

Mixing of old air and new air in the lungs.

Question 16

In a mammal after the filtrate leaves the distal tubules of the nephron, where does it go next?

Answer 16

Collecting duct

Question 17

What differentiates T cells from B cells?

Answer 17

T cells but not B cells can directly attack and destroy invading pathogens.

Question 18

T/F : To mount an effective primary acquired immune response after the first exposure to an antigen may take as long as 1-2 weeks

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which event represents the physiological basis for the THRESHOLD?

Answer 19

Opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels

Question 20

In phototransduction, what is responsible for the dark current?

Answer 20

Na+ ions moving in through gh cGMP-gated channels

Question 21

The disease of Multiple Sclerosis as discussed in lecture interrupts nervous system signaling because the immune system attacks

Answer 21

Myelin sheath

Question 22

T/F : Constriction of the precapillary sphincters would cause the majority of blood to bypass the capillaries and enter the metarteriole

Answer 22

True

Question 23

After leaving the right ventricle, where does blood flow next?

Answer 23

Pulmonary artery

Question 24

T/F : Photoreceptors respond to light by HYPERPOLARIZING and releasing LESS neurotransmitter.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Some nutrients are considered “essential” in the diets of certain animals because

Answer 25

They cannot be manufactured by the organism

Question 26

Which of the following specializations of the duodenum directly aid in enhancing nutrient absorption?

Answer 26

Microvilli on the epithelial cells

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true about the action of vasopressin?

Answer 27

Vasopressin acts on the collecting duct to increase water reabsorption from the filtrate.

Question 28

Why might it be a bad idea to take aspirin to reduce a moderate fever?

Answer 28

B and T cells are more active at high temperature

Question 29

What is the primary role of the colon in nutrients processing and digestion?

Answer 29

Reabsorb water as needed.

Question 30

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize what?

Answer 30

Diffusion

Question 31

What is not a characteristic of Neanderthals?

Answer 31

Brain size of about 900 cc

Question 32

What type of learning is taken to represent a form of animal cognition?

Answer 32

Imprinting of goslings

Question 33

Was Lucy Bipedal?

Answer 33

NO! Facilitated Bipedalsim

Question 34

Intersexual selection in nature most commonly occurs as:

Answer 34

Female choice

Question 35

Humans are:

Answer 35

Catarines, Primates, Haplorines, Antropodia, and Hominoids, Hominins

Question 36

What appears to be the biggest cause of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction?

Answer 36

Vulcanism

Question 37

The closest relative(s) of the tuna is (are):

Answer 37

It’s a tie between the salamander, turtle, and leopard.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is false?

Answer 38

Speciation requires major genetic changes

Question 39

Which statement best characterizes the fossil record?

Answer 39

Virtually every species that has ever existed on Earth is extinct.

Question 40

Moon rocks, chondritic meteors, and lead-isotope ratios all indicate that the age of our solar system is about:

Answer 40

4.6 billion years

Question 41

Which of these is not an anthropoid?

Answer 41

Tarsier

Question 42

enomic data indicate that the lineage that led to modern chimpanzees diverged from the lineage that led to modern humans about

Answer 42

7 million years ago

Question 43

Which organism is an example of human-caused extinction of a widespread abundant species?

Answer 43

Passenger pigeon

Question 44

T/F : With every cell division, the probability that a mutation occurs somewhere in the Drosophila genome is about 10^-7 to 10^-9

Answer 44

False

Question 45

When it hears the squeaking of a patio door, a cat rushes to the spot where it usually receives food. This is most likely an example of:

Answer 45

Classical conditioning

Question 46

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for evolution by natural selection?

Answer 46

Non-random mating

Question 47

Genetic drift is best described as

Answer 47

Changes in allele frequencies due to sampling error

Question 48

Kin selection helps to explain

Answer 48

Why female ground squirrels make more alarm calls than males

Question 49

Kin selection helps to explain

Answer 49

Why female ground squirrels make more alarm calls than males`

Question 50

Two populations of similar-looking organisms will be considered different biological specifies if:

Answer 50

They are reproductively isolated from each other | An age-structure pyramid

Question 51

An age-structure pyramid that is wide at the bottom indicates that

Answer 51

The population is growing rapidly

Question 52

T/F : In the evolution of the tetrapod limb, the stylopod element evolved before the autopod element.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

A gene in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium consists of two alleles, A and a, and the frequency of the A allele is 0.6. What percentage of the population will be heterozygotes?

Answer 53

0.48

Question 54

Aposematic coloration is meant to

Answer 54

Advertise a distasteful or dangerous prey

Question 55

What transcription-factor gene is thought to play a role in language development in humans?

Answer 55

FOXP2

Question 56

Place the following organisms or events in the correct chronological order from oldest to youngest (recall what each term represents)

Answer 56

Tiktaalik, Morganucodon, the K-T mass extinction, Basilosarurus, Australopithecus Afarensis

Question 57

What Hormone makes humans more aggressive?

Answer 57

Monamine Oxidase

Question 58

A gene in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has only two alleles, A and a, and one is four times more common than the other. What is the total expected percentage of the population that will be homozygotes (AA plus aa)?

Answer 58

Answer on TEST 32

Question 59

One feature that distinguishes imprinting from other forms of learning is that

Answer 59

It occurs during a critical period

Question 60

If the per capita rate of r, equals one, then the population is

Answer 60

Growing

Question 61

The production of different-sized gametes between the sexes is called

Answer 61

Anisogamy

Question 62

Pleiotropy occurs when

Answer 62

One gene simultaneously affects multiple traits

Question 63

T/F: Melatonin is the hormone responsible for the seasonal timing of singing in the male zebra finch

Answer 63

True

Question 64

T/F: About half of all mammal species show pair-bonding and paternal care

Answer 64

False

Question 65

T/F: Modern Europeans and Asians show about 15-20% introgression of nuclear DNA from Neanderthals.

Answer 65

False

Question 66

In the example discussed in class, natural enemies caused what kind of selection on gall size in gall-making flies?

Answer 66

Stabilizing selection

Question 67

What happens when a mouse lacks leptin

Answer 67

It eats a lot and gets fat

Question 68

The loss of responsiveness to a repetitive stimulus that is neither beneficial nor harmful is called

Answer 68

Habituation

Question 69

Which pair does not represent homoplasy?

Answer 69

The arrangement of bones in the arm of a human and the fore-wing of a bat.

Question 70

T/F: Orangutans are more closely related to gibbons than they are to humans.

Answer 70

False

Question 71

Which of the following is true? Sexual size dimorphism is greater in chimps than in gorillas. Chimpanzees are strict vegetarians. None of these answers is true Humans differ from other hominoids by lacking a post-anal tail Chimpanzees differ from Homo Sapiens because they do not use tools

Answer 71

None of these answers is true

Question 72

Which factor is considered to have the biggest impact on current extinction rates?

Answer 72

Habitat loss

Question 73

``` Which character in the following tree is not phylogenetically informative? Amniotic eggs Hair Vertebral column All of these are informative Four walking legs ```

Answer 73

Hair

Question 74

Why does a Koala have a large colon

Answer 74

Because it has to break down Bamboo

Question 75

A single allelic substitution at the vasopressin-receptor gene in meadow voles affected which behavior?

Answer 75

Pair bonding

Question 76

T/F: Human half-siblings have a relatedness coefficient of 0.125

Answer 76

Flase

Question 77

Ochre engravings, beads, and awls have been found in the Blombos Cave, South Africa, as far back as

Answer 77

80,000 years ago

Question 78

Fossils are most often found in

Answer 78

Sedimentary rocks

Question 79

Genomic data from both modern and fossil Native Americans indicate that migration of anatomically modern humans into the Americas occurred

Answer 79

About 20,000 years ago

Question 80

Honeybee behavior that communicates the direction of a new food source is called

Answer 80

The waggle dance

Question 81

Where would you not find a Semi lunar Valve

Answer 81

In between Ventricles

Question 82

T/F: In theory, heritability can only range from zero to one

Answer 82

True

Question 83

Which of these statements is true?

Answer 83

Gene flow is a violation of the Hardy-Weinberg conditions

Question 84

Which of the following is not evidence of an asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous?

Answer 84

A crater dated to be about 150 million years old

Question 85

What is the type of allopatric speciation in which gene-flow barriers arise without dispersal?

Answer 85

Vicariant speciation

Question 86

Chickadees in England learned by trial-and error that pecking through the paper tops of milk bottles allowed them to drink the cream at the top. This behavior is best described as:

Answer 86

Operation conditioning

Question 87

What causes filtrate to leave the Glomerous into the Bowmans Capsule

Answer 87

Blood Pressure

Question 88

What do the Semi-Lunar valves do?

Answer 88

Equilibrium

Question 89

Osmoconformer

Answer 89

Marine Animals

Question 90

Osmoregulator

Answer 90

Fresh Water and Hoomans

Question 91

Osmoregulator

Answer 91

Fresh Water and Hoomans

Question 92

Intersexual selection in nature most commonly occurs a

Answer 92

non-random female choice

Question 93

Graph

Answer 93

Under-genetic Variation