Biology flashcards 3

Question 1

What are the steps in the digestive system

Answer 1

ingestion- intake of food
digestion- breaking down molecules
absorbtion- movement of small nutrients
assimilation- incorporation of absorbed nutrients
egestion- removal of unabsorbed food remains

Question 2

What are the two types of digestion

Answer 2

mechanical digestion- physical break down of large food molecules, performed by teeth, tongue and strong muscles of digestive system. Chemical digestion- digestive juices that contain enzymes which breaks down smaller food particles

Question 3

Why do you think mechanical digestion is important

Answer 3

it allows large food molecules to break down, thus creating larger surface for chemical digestion

Question 4

What are all the parts of the digestive system

Answer 4

oral cavity
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
accessory digestive organs
large intestine

Question 5

What are the function the tongue performs

Answer 5

its a taste organ, mixes food with saliva, pushes food beneath teeth, rolls food into bolus, aside the swallowing action

Question 6

What is the function of the teeth that is performs

Answer 6

the teeth chews the food and breaks it into smaller pieces ( mechanical digestion to help chemical digestion )

Question 7

What are the salivary glands

Answer 7

its saliva with an alkali condition that contains enzymes

Question 8

What is the salivary amylase

Answer 8

breaks down cooked starch to maltose

Question 9

What is saliva

Answer 9

it mainly contains of water, but also mucous that helps to bind the food together and lubricate ( so it can be more easily swallowed )

Question 10

What is the function of the oesophagus

Answer 10

helps to combine food and lubricate.

Question 11

Is the oesophagus closed or open

Answer 11

its normally closed but only when bolus comes it opens ( peristalsis )

Question 12

How does the oesophagus work

Answer 12

it stretches from the pharynx then food is pushed through peristalsis, until it reaches the stomach, no digestion, just transport, then epiglottis closes

Question 13

Why does the epiglottis close

Answer 13

to prevent chocking

Question 14

What is peristalsis

Answer 14

it is the rhythmical contractions of the intestinal muscles to push the food forward

Question 15

What are the function that HCL perform

Answer 15

antiseptic
breaks down sugar
creates correct PH

Question 16

What does stomach juice contains

Answer 16

HCL and enzymes

Question 17

What is the function of the stomach having many folds

Answer 17

to stretch and increase the surface area for digestion

Question 18

Why is the stomach lined with a mucous membrane

Answer 18

protects it against the functioning enzymes and HCL

Question 19

What happens when food enters the stomach strong

Answer 19

there is churning movements to start mix the food with stomach juice and to break it down

Question 20

What this the food that leaves the stomach called

Answer 20

chyme

Question 21

What is chyme

Answer 21

its essentialy vomit

Question 22

What are the three parts the small intestine consists of

Answer 22

duodenum
jejenum
ileum

Question 23

The small intestine is long and highly folded, but what is the advantage of this

Answer 23

to increase surface area

Question 24

What does the small intestine do

Answer 24

secretes intestinal juice and enzymes that help digest fats, carbs, and proteins

Question 25

How long is the small intestine

Answer 25

3m-4m

Question 26

What this a villi in the small structure of the small intestine

Answer 26

its resembling a finger-like protrusions on the wall of the small intestine

Question 27

What does the villi do

Answer 27

it enlarges the absorbtion- surface area

Question 28

What are the accesive digestive organs

Answer 28

pancreas- help small intestine digest and has insulin liver- gall bladder

Question 29

Where does she tube in the pancreas and liver open in

Answer 29

in the duodenum

Question 30

Where is bile produced and stored

Answer 30

bile is produced in the liver but stored in the gall bladder

Question 31

Why is Bile important

Answer 31

breaks down fat into smaller fat droplets through emulsification

Question 32

What are the function the liver performs

Answer 32

produces bile stores iron stores vitamin A D E K stores glucose as glycon detoxifies blood

Question 33

Where are the unigested wastes transported to

Answer 33

to the large intestine

Question 34

What happenes in the large intestine

Answer 34

water and salts are absorbed from the faeces

Question 35

Where is the faeces temporarily stored

Answer 35

in the rectum then transported to anus during defecation

Question 36

What is mulnutrished

Answer 36

too little or too much of the wrong type of food- kwashiorkor

Question 37

undernutrition

Answer 37

too little nutrients- anorexia

Question 38

over nutrition

Answer 38

too much food ingested- obesity