Biology Homework [Cancer and the Cell Cycle] Flashcards
26/04/25 (20 cards)
What two types of risk factors affects the development of cancer?
Lifestyle and genetic factors.
How many stages in the cell cycle?
3
How many chromosomes are found in the gametes?
23 Chromosomes (no pairs)
What is cancer?
A result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and cell division by mitosis.
What is mitosis? AKA stage 2 of the cell cycle?
This is where the nucleus of the cell divides.
What is the name given to a cell with 23 chromosomes?
Haploid cell.
Describe what happens during mitosis/stage 2 of the cell cycle.
One set of chromosomes moves to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.
What is the name given to a cell with 46 chromosomes?
Diploid cell.
How are chromosomes found in body cells?
In pairs.
How many pairs of chromosomes found in a body cell?
23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
What is contained in the nucleus of a cell?
DNA
What are malignant tumours?
Cancerous tumours that can spread to other tissues and parts of the body, forming secondary tumours.
What are benign tumours?
Non-cancerous tumours that do not spread in the body.
Describe the cells formed at the end of the cell cycle.
Two diploid identical cells.
What is stage two of the cell cycle?
Mitosis.
What happens during stage 3 of the cell cycle?
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two genetically identical cells.
How is DNA found in the nucleus?
Packed into structures called chromosomes.
What is a carcinogen?
A substance that causes mutations in the DNA that can cause cancer to develop.
What two things happen during stage 1 of the cell cycle?
Cell growth (Number of organelles increase)
DNA replication (Form two identical copies of each chromosomes)
Why is cell division by mitosis important for organisms?
Growth, repair and development
