Biology Homework [Heart Disease and non-communicable Disease] Flashcards
27.03.25 (20 cards)
What is a natural pacemaker?
A group of cells in the right atrium that controls the resting heart rate.
What are the financial costs associated with non communicable diseases?
Patient who is ill cannot work, NHS treatment costs.
What is an artificial pacemaker.
Electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate.
Define health.
State of physical, social and mental well-being.
State two disadvantages of mechanical valves.
Long lasting but need anti-clotting medication for the rest of their lives.
Medication can lead to excessive bleeding.
How does a stent prevent heart attack?
Keeps artery open so blood and oxygen can pass through to the heart muscle.
State two disadvantages of heart transplant.
Risk of rejection, need immunosuppressants.
What is a stent?
A metal mesh that is used to unblock an artery.
What is coronary heart disease?
Layers of fatty material that build up inside the coronary artery.
Name 4 risk factors for ill health.
Poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise, alcohol, carcinogens.
What is a risk factor?
Aspects of lifestyle or substance in the body that can increase the risk of a disease developing.
What factors can affect health?
Disease, diet, stress, exercise, life situations.
Give two examples of ways in which different types of diseases can interact.
It can cause a weakened immune system, leaving them more susceptible to diseases.
Severely ill physical health can lead to depression and other mental illness,
What is coronary heart disease?
Fatty deposit/cholesterol build up in the coronary arteries that prevents blood flow to heart tissue.
What are statins?
A drug that reduces cholesterol levels.
How are artificial hearts used to treat patients with a damaged heart?
A temporary treatment while waiting for heart transplant.
State two disadvantages of biological valves.
Only a temporary fix. Can be rejected by body so need immuno-suppressant meds.
What can be used to replace a damaged heat valve?
Biological mechanical valves.
How can coronary heart disease lead to a heart attack?
Fatty material build up narrows the coronary arteries, reducing the flow of blood to provide oxygen and glucose for respiration. No energy is available for the heart to contract.
What causes obesity?
When energy input is greater than energy output.
