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Biology Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

How do protist eat

A

Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs

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2
Q

Protist response to adverse conditions

A

Form cysts goes dormant create hardshell sinks to the bottom of the pond and wait for better conditions

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3
Q

Phylum amoebazoans

A

Rhizopoda=root foot
Have no flagella
Use pseudopod to move
Ex: Entamoeba histolytica causes diarrhea

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4
Q

Phylum foraminifera

A

Means little whole bearing

Amoeba in a shell white chalk like white cliffs of Dover England

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5
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa

A

Parasites of animals

Ex: plasmodium vivax causes malaria transmitted by mosquitoes

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6
Q

Malaria

A

Infects 3 million

kills 2 million

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7
Q

Walter Reed

A

Invented DDT
DDT he does not breakdown The environment
use stopped in the 1970s

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8
Q

Phylum Kinetoplastids

A

Zoomastiagophora
1-1000
Has flagella
Includes intestinal parasites of Fish and Amphibians

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9
Q

Trypansoma

A

Kinetoplastids that cause African sleeping sickness
Fatal if not treated
spread by tiesti fly

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10
Q

Chagas’ disease

A

Kinetoplastids that can cause damage to the heart

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11
Q

Phylum Dinoflagellates

A

Have two flagella
has a transverse groove
can be bioluminescent
causes red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning

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12
Q

Phylum Ciliphora

A 
Ciliates that have cilia
Paramecium uses oral groove
Micro-sexual
Macro-asexual
Has binucleus
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13
Q

Phylum Bacillariophyta

A 
Diatoms 
Glass like walls 
used as filters and abrasives 
diatomaceous earth 
rough enough to polish but not rough enough to scratch
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14
Q

Phylum Algae

A

Chlorophyta
May be single celled organisms (green algae)
or multi celled or very simple multicellularity
Brown algae
red algae

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15
Q

Volvox

A

Have daughter cells

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16
Q

Spirogyra

A

Each cell has a spiraling chloroplast capable of sexual reproduction

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17
Q

Simple multicellularity

A

Multi celled Algaes

celles interact but on a simple levels

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18
Q

Complex multicellularity

A

Coordination between cells communication via hormones

cell specialization division of labor

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19
Q

Kingdom fungi

A

Includes mushrooms puffballs earth stars and yeast
4 million years old non-photosynthetic decomposers
saprophytic
cell walls are impregnated with Chitin not cellulose

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20
Q

Fungal anatomy

A

Hyphae cottony thread just below or right at surface of the fungal body
mycelium all the strands together
fruiting body
fungal spores

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21
Q

Phylum basidiomycota

A

Club fungi important in the breakdown of wood

includes mushrooms,toadstools,shelf fungi,and earthstars

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22
Q

Phylum ascomyota

A

Sac fungi 30,000 species yeast produces carbon dioxide makes bread rise
puts bubbles in beer
also includes morels and truffles

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23
Q

Dutch Elm disease

A

Fungal disease when hyphae come in contact with their roots and it kills them

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24
Q

Chestnut blight

A

Fungus that killed saplings of the chestnut trees

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25
Phylum Zygomycota
Includes Rhizopus stolonifer mold on the bread and strawberries
26
Phylum deuteromycota
Imperfect fungi includes predatory fungi includes fungi used to flavor cheese (penicillium)penicillium produces penicillin
27
Penicillin was discovered
By Fleming and zone of inhibition where bacteria stays away from penicillin
28
Aspergillus
Causes apergillosis, farmers lung | Looks like a big spiky ball
29
Dermatophytes
Athletes foot ringworm toenail fungus Jock itch
30
Phylum lichen
A symbiotic relationship between a fungi and a photosynthetic partner not a plant single cell gets trapped in hyphae
31
Micorhize
A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant route helps plants take up copper zinc and phosphorus
32
Plant pathogens
Wheat rust | Ergot on rye
33
Ergot
Ergot produces LSD ergot will make pregnant women go into labor or cause them to miscarry will cause muscle tremors ergot poisoning could be connected to the Salem witch trials
34
Kingdom Animilia
``` Eukaryotic multicellular consumers nonphotosynthetic have no cell walls most have muscles but not all have a digestive system usually undergo complex changes during ```
35
Asymmetrical
Cannot be divided in any plane and produce to mirror images
36
Radial symmetry
Can divide in multiple spots and produce mirror images usually tend to live attached to something example coral sea enemies
37
Bilateral symmetry
One plane to divide and and with 2 halves
38
Cephalization
Development of a head has sensory and feeding organs
39
Phylum Porifera
Sponges simplest of the animals asymmetrical stationary live attached to a substrate. Porifera have no tissue organ,nervous system,gut,muscles,circulatory system,at a cellular level of organization
40
How do sponges eat
Water is drawn in the ostia ran across choanosyle and out the Ostila used for support
41
Phylum Cnidaria
Means nettle like These organisms have stinging cells includes jellyfish sea enemies,coral ,hydra first animals to develop tissues radially symmetrical
42
Polyp
Tentacles up circular mouth in the middle lives attached
43
Medusa
Tentacles point down mouth on the underside meso glia jelly layer
44
Stinging cells cnidocyte
Safety from firing is a chemical trigger they think it's amino acid
45
Box jelly
Extremely toxic found in Australian Shores causes extreme pain for weeks
46
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Means flatworms includes tapeworms planaria, Flukes first to develop organs first to be bilaterally symmetrical First to develop a distinct head
47
Free living flatworms
Ex: planaria Some live in water some live on land locomote through cutaneous gas exchange have the first of the eyes,nerve chords and have no circulatory
48
Flukes
Parasitic blood/liver complex Life cycle often involve several host
49
Tape worms
Parasitic live in digestive track of some animals long ribbon like body with repeated segments segments break off and are released when eggs mature simple structure
50
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms | have a mouth on one and anus on the other freshwater marine terrestrial parasitic 100 to 500,000 species
51
River blindness
Spread by the blackfly larvae clouds the eye and causes blindness nematode
52
Heart worms
Spread by the mosquito causes the heart to swell and clogs the chambers and valves dogs have persistent cough and are very lethargic
53
Hookworm
Larvate can go through your barefoot
54
Elephantitis
Nematode clogs lymph tissue causes massive swelling number one cause of lameness in some parts of Africa
55
Tricinella spiralis
Encysted larvae Skeletal muscle fiber Eat under cooked infected pork
56
Pin worm
Thread warm common infection in young children and teachers of the young lives in rectum causes itching
57
Phylum mollusca
Means soft | includes snails,slugs,clams muscles,oysters,octopi and squid
58
Functions of molluscs
Head\foot used to locomote and nervous system visceral mass guts or organs Radula tooth structure scrapes food into mouth is located at the junctureHead and visceral mass
59
Gastropods
Includes the slugs and snails if a shell is present it is a single spiraling shell terrestrial molluscs radula used for feeding
60
Bivalve
Clams oysters mussels to part hinged shell filter feeders radula lost
61
Cephalopods
Octopi squid move with their head shell internalized or lost completely all are predators
62
Octopi
``` Bite From a blue ring octopi will kill you Octopi scuttle over rocks head with grasping suckers image forming eyes beak that bite chunks out of you ```
63
Phylum Annelida
Segmented worms have organs,muscles and nervous system and is repeated in a series of segments along the body Ex: earthworm leeches see mouse feather duster worm
64
Segmented worms locomote
Hydrostatic skeleton | Cutaneous gas exchange
65
Phylum Anthropoda
Largest phylum Has an exoskeleton of chitin First group with true legs
66
Why are arthropod so successful
Specialize limbs Exoskeleton of chiton I compound eyes multiple eyes
67
Kingdom protista reproduce
Asexually-binary fission Produces clones Can change to sexual reproduction if environment changes

Biology Lab (3 decks)

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