- fatty acids (glycerol + trialyceride) - saturated vs unsaturated - phospholids

Biology molecules Flashcards by abby b

Inorganic compound

Lacks carbon and hydrogen

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Inorganic compound ex.

Water (H20) salt (NACI)

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Organic compound

Has both carbon and hydrogen together

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Organic compound ex.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

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4 major macro molecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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Monosacharides

Carbohydrate made up of 1 type of sugar (glucose)

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Disaccharides

Made up of 2 sugars bonded together (maltose (glucose + glucose = maltose))

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Polysaccharide

Complex carbohydrate made up of chains up of monosaccharides

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Polysaccharide ex

Starch - food storage compound found in plants

Cellulose - makes up the cell wall of plants

Glycogen - a food storage compound in animals

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Carbohydrates function:

Store and provide energy (ex. Sugar, starches)

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Monomers function:

Building blocks - glucose (a monosaccharide)

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Lipids

Insoluble in water, insulation

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Lipids function:

Provide energy, cell membrane
Ex. Fats, oil, water

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Monomers/ polymers

fatty acids (glycerol + trialyceride)
saturated vs unsaturated
phospholids

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Protein functions:

-structure
-regulate body process
-enzymes - catalyze, speed up, chemical reactions

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Protein ex.

Meat proteins, wheat proteins, soy proteins

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Polymers of protein

Make up C, H, O, and N

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There are 20 different types of________

Amino acids

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Amino acids are held together by a

Peptide bond

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When a peptide bond is formed

A water molecule is lost

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Pipeptide

2 amino acids joined together by a peptide bond

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Tripartite

Dipeptide amd an amino acid

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Polypeptide

Long chain of amino acids

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Monomers

Amino acids- building blocks of protein

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Nucleic acids function

Control protein structures thus control cellular function Store and transmit hereditary I found

Nucleic acids

Monomers/ polymers

Nucleo tides

How DNA works

Nucleic acids ex.

DNA, RNA (polymers)

Carbohydrates elements

H oc

Carbohydrates monomer ex

Monosacharide (glucose)

Carbohydrates polymer ex

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, chitin

Lipids elements

H oc(P)

Lipids monomer ex

Fatty acid, glycerol

Lipids polymer ex

Phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids

Proteins elements

C,H,O,N, (S)

Proteins monomer ex

Amino acids

Proteins polymer ex

Dipeptide, polypeptide, tripeptide

Nucleic acids elements

C,H,O,N,P

Nucleic acids monomers ex

Nucleotides

Nucleic acids polymer ex

RNA and DNa

Carbohydrates (carbs) function

Provide and store energy, provide protection and support

Lipids function

Long term energy source, maim part of cell membrane

Proteins function

Provide enzymes, structure and regulate body precess

Nucleic acids function

Translate genetic information, provides sequence for protein synthesis

Cellulose in

Plant cells

Chitin is in

Fungus cell walls

Galactose Fructose Glucose

Sugar (-ose sugar)

Saccharide

Sugar

name for an electronically charged atom

ion

water molecules are both

adhesive and cohesive

why is water both cohesive and adhesive

polar covalent and hydrogen bonding

water can absorb

large amounts of heat

oxygen has how many protons

hydrogen has how many protons

oxygen likes

electrons

electrons prefer

oxygen over hydrogen

cohesion

water sticks to itself

cohesion example

some bugs can walk on water

cohesion causes

water tension

adhesion

sticks to other things

adhesion causes

capillary movement

adhesion example

plants suck up water to move to other parts

water is the

universal solvent

universal solvent means

(water) dissolves most things

whats the way to measure ph level

logarithmic scale

whats nuetral 7 on the logarithmic scale

water

what has a ph above 7

bases

what has a ph below 7

acids

bases example

milk blood ammonia

acids example

`tomato juice, vinegar, battery acid

hydroxide

(OH-)

hydrogen

(H+)

acids contribute to

H+ (hydrogen) ions to solution

bases remove

H+ (hydrogen) ions and adds OH- (hydroxide) ions

organisms can only tolerate

small changes in ph

OPTIMUM LEVEL

ph level a cell works best at

measure ph with

probe ware or ph paper

at very low temps

the reaction rate is slow

high temps or extreme ph

can irreversibly change the way proteins function and their structure

in multiecellular the fluid within the cells

are a near constant ph and is maintained w buffer systems

ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE

CARBON

monosaccharide

carbohydrate made of one type of sugar (ex. glucose)

disaccharides

made of 2 sugars bonded together (ex. glucose + glucose = maltose)

polysaccharide

complex carbohydrate made of chains of monosaccharides

polysaccharide example

starch food storage compound in plants cellulose makes the cell wall of plants glycogen a food storage compound in plants

Biology molecules Flashcards

(85 cards)