biology & pharm (1)

Question 1

what part of the brain is responsible for intellect and personality

Answer 1

frontal lobe

Question 2

what is the junction between neurons

Answer 2

synapses

Question 3

what is the small space between 2 neurons

Answer 3

synaptic cleft

Question 4

what conducts impulses toward the synapse

Answer 4

presynaptic neurons

Question 5

what conducts impulses away from the synapse

Answer 5

postsynaptic neurons

Question 6

what binds with receptor sites on postsynaptic neuron to determine if another impulse will be generated

Answer 6

neurotransmitter

Question 7

agonist vs. antagonist neurotransmitters

Answer 7

agonist is like a key inserted and turned to activate a response. an antagonist is like a key sitting and taking up space or “blocking” a response

Question 8

what happens after a neurotransmitter is “used”

Answer 8

it is either INACTIVATED or returned to vesicles to be stored and used again (REUPTAKE)

Question 9

what holds the neurotransmitter

Answer 9

a vesicle (like a mom and baby)

Question 10

what stops the neurotransmitter from going back to the vesicle

Answer 10

re-uptake blocker

Question 11

what makes more neurotransmitters to go back to vesicles

Answer 11

reuptake enhancer

Question 12

what is an example of an antagonist

Answer 12

narcan, it blocks to that no more can enter

Question 13

what is our cholinergic example

Answer 13

acetylcholine

Question 14

what neurotransmitter is responsible for memory and big movement

Answer 14

acetylcholine

Question 15

what can increased levels of acetylcholine cause

Answer 15

depression

Question 16

what can decreased levels of acetylcholine cause

Answer 16

alzheimers

Question 17

what class in norepinephrine in

Answer 17

monoamines

Question 18

which neurotransmitter is responsible for fight/flight/freeze?

Answer 18

norepinephrine

Question 19

what can decreased levels of norepinephrine cause?

Answer 19

memory loss, social withdraw, depression

Question 20

what can increased levels of norepinephrine cause?

Answer 20

mania, schizophrenia, anxiety

Question 21

what class is dopamine in

Answer 21

monoamines

Question 22

what are actions that could occur with low dopamine

Answer 22

gambling, substances, depression

Question 23

which neurotransmitter is implication in schizophrenia/mania in high levels

Answer 23

dopamine

Question 24

what class is serotonin in

Answer 24

monoamines

Question 25

what is the type of serotonin we look at

Answer 25

5-HT

Question 26

which neurotransmitter is responsible for mood, aggression, appetite, libido, sleep, arousal, pain, suicidal ideation, judgement, coordination

Answer 26

serotonin

Question 27

what class is histamine in

Answer 27

monoamines

Question 28

which neurotransmitter is responsible for allergic and inflammatory reactions

Answer 28

histamine

Question 29

what category is GABA in

Answer 29

amino acid

Question 30

what does GABA do?

Answer 30

calms brain down

Question 31

what can decreased GABA levels cause?

Answer 31

anxiety / mania

Question 32

what category is glutamate in

Answer 32

amino acid

Question 33

what is another name for glutamate?

Answer 33

NMDA

Question 34

which neurotransmitter is responsible for the working memory?

Answer 34

glutamate (NMDA)

Question 35

what can prolonged increased levels of glutamate cause?

Answer 35

neurotoxic -> alzheimers

Question 36

what can decreased glutamate cause?

Answer 36

schizophrenia / psychosis

Question 37

what can endorphins and enkalphine possibly be linked to

Answer 37

schizophrenia

Question 38

what does increased substance P cause

Answer 38

more pain

Question 39

what do decreased levels of substance P cause?

Answer 39

depression

Question 40

which neurotransmitter is growth hormone

Answer 40

somatostatin

Question 41

what does somatostatin initiate the release of?

Answer 41

dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine

Question 42

what does somatostatin inhibit the release of?

Answer 42

norepinephrine, histamine, glutamate

Question 43

what can decreased somatostatin lead to?

Answer 43

alzheimers

Question 44

which kind of med stops neurotransmitters from going to vesicles

Answer 44

reuptake inhibitor

Question 45

describe the action of SSRIs

Answer 45

inhibit serotonin from going back to cesicle, makes serotonin available at the synaptic cleft

Question 46

example of an SSRI

Answer 46

prozac

Question 47

how do serotonin dopamine antagonists (SDAs) work

Answer 47

takes up space in dopamine receptor

Question 48

how do SNRIs work

Answer 48

more serotonin/norepinephrine available @ synapse

Question 49

example serotonin dopamine antagonist

Answer 49

seroquel

Question 50

example SNRI

Answer 50

cymbalta, pristiq

Question 51

example dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Answer 51

provigil

Question 52

what do vasopressin/ADH from the pituitary gland cause

Answer 52

alteration in secretion -> ploydipsia (schizo)

Question 53

what from the pituitary gland is released in response to stress

Answer 53

cortisol

Question 54

relationship between cortisol and immunity

Answer 54

increased cortisol means decreased immunity

Question 55

what can growth hormone be linked to (makes no sense)

Answer 55

anorexia nervosa

Question 56

dysfunction of what hormone affects behavior

Answer 56

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 57

hyper thyroid sx

Answer 57

insomnia, irritability, anxiety, restless, weight loss, labile-delirium, psychosis

Question 58

hypo thyroid sx

Answer 58

fatigue, decreased libido, memory impairment, depression, SI

Question 59

describe epigenetics

Answer 59

environmental factors / choices can change the health of the person AND their descendants

Question 60

describe pharmacogenetics

Answer 60

genetic variation can lead to drug tolerability / responses

Question 61

what test analyzes genes that affect response to antidepressants, antipsychotics, ADHD and pain meds

Answer 61

GeneSight Psychotropic

Question 62

components of a SPECT scan

Answer 62

PET scan + CSF testing

Question 63

what kind of test is a polysomnography

Answer 63

sleep

Question 64

what is the concept of psychoimmunology?

Answer 64

more susceptible to physcial illness following exposure to stress/life event

Question 65

what are fundamental beliefs we screen info with?

Answer 65

schemas