biology revision for 25th

Question 1

describe the capillary network

Answer 1

1 cell thick
network structure
required for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste

Question 2

describe the structure of veins

Answer 2

thin, elastic muscular walls. large lumen

contains valves

Question 3

what is the function of veins?

Answer 3

carries blood back towards the heart

Question 4

describre the structure of artery’s

Answer 4

thick, elastic muscular walls, small lumen

no valves.

Question 5

what is the function of Artery’s

Answer 5

carrys blood away from the heart

Question 6

what are erthrocytes

Answer 6

red blood cells

Question 7

leukocytes

Answer 7

white blood cells

Question 8

how much of the blood is made up of plasma

Answer 8

55%

Question 9

what are the main components of blood?

Answer 9

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

Question 10

how much of the blood is made up of white blood cells and platlets?

Answer 10

less than 1%

Question 11

how much of the blood is made up of red blood cells

Answer 11

45%

Question 12

what is the function of white blood cells

Answer 12

fight infection, desease and forign bodies

Question 13

what is the function of red blood cells

Answer 13

carry oxygen and food around the body

Question 14

what are the functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 14

drain excess fluid
aid with fat digestion
transport of materials
immunity

Question 15

what are the lymphatic structures

Answer 15

Lymph Fluid
Lymph Nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphocytes
Thymus
Spleen

Question 16

what is endocrinology

Answer 16

the study of hormones

Question 17

what are the endocrine system structures

Answer 17

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ovaries
Testes
Thyroid
Para-thyroid

Question 18

what are the requirments of receptors on the cell surface?

Answer 18

In order for a hormone to create a response in a cell, that cell must have specific receptors on its surface for that particular hormone

Question 19

what is homeostasis

Answer 19

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 20

what processes are controlled by homeostasis

Answer 20

Glucose regulation
Thermoregulation
Osmoregulation
Blood pressure
Reproductive cycles

Question 21

what is glucose regulation

Answer 21

Maintaining a consistent level of sugar in the blood.

Question 22

what are the two jobs of the pancrease

Answer 22

exocrine and endocrine

Question 23

what is exocrine?

Answer 23

secretes digestive juices into the digestive tract

Question 24

what is endocrine

Answer 24

makes hormones to control blood

sugar levels

Question 25

what are affrent nerves

Answer 25

sensory nerves

Question 26

what are effrent nerves

Answer 26

motor nerves

Question 27

what is the function of the Sclera | in the eye

Answer 27

A white fibrous layer that maintains the shape of the eye

Question 28

what is the function of the Rods | in the eye

Answer 28

Sensitive to low light and used for black and white vision

Question 29

what is the function of the Lens | in the eye

Answer 29

Changes shape to focus light rays onto the retina

Question 30

what is the function of the Retina | in the eye

Answer 30

Innermost layer of the eye, contains photoreceptor cells

Question 31

what is the function of the Optic Nerve | in the eye

Answer 31

Transmits images from the eye to the brain

Question 32

what is the function of the Cornea | in the eye

Answer 32

The first part of the eye to be hit by light rays

Question 33

what is the function of the Cones | in the eye

Answer 33

Sensitive to bright light and used for colour vision

Question 34

what is the function of the Iris | in the eye

Answer 34

A circular muscle that controls the size of the pupil

Question 35

what is the function of the Pupil | in the eye

Answer 35

A hole in the centre of the eye that light rays travel through

Question 36

what is the function of the Ciliary Muscle | in the eye

Answer 36

Used to control the shape of the lens

Question 37

what does the forbrain contain

Answer 37

ceribral cortex, thalamus, hypothalumus and the limbic system

Question 38

what does the thalamus control?

Answer 38

Pain receptors, touch, temperature sensation. | Movement (locomotion).

Question 39

what does the hypothalamus control

Answer 39

The function of the autonomic nervous system. Intellectual and functional signals. Temperature regulation and osmoregulation

Question 40

what does the limbatic system control

Answer 40

Long term memory. Emotional behaviour. Olfactory senses (smell

Question 41

how does ecolocation work

Answer 41

Animals emit sound waves that are detected when they bounce off objects Sound waves travel faster through water than air Used by mammals (cetacaeans and bats)

Question 42

what is ecolocation used for?

Answer 42

Can detect location, size and direction of prey movement Smaller object = fewer waves returned Moving away = lower pitch Can determine vertical position using collection of folds in ears

Question 43

how are the soundwaves for ecolocation detected in dolphims?

Answer 43

Sound waves are directed using the melon Lower jaw detects returning waves and is connected to the ear