Biology Sat II Ecology

Question 1

Atmosphere

Answer 1

All the air between the surface of the air and outer space

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

Portion of atmosphere where life can survive

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

All the living and non-living things in a given area (Everything in a given area)

Question 4

Biome

Answer 4

A major region with distinct flora and fauna

Question 5

Flora

Answer 5

Plant Life

Question 6

Fauna

Answer 6

Animal Life

Question 7

Biomes

Answer 7

1. Tundra 2. Taiga 3. Dissiduous Forest 4. Prairie 5. Savannah 6. Chaparral 7. Tropical Rainforest 8. Desert

Question 8

Tundra

Answer 8

Characterized by dry, cold, and having a layer of soil that is permanently frozen that prevents large plants from growing (Alaska). The border of where things can live and where things can’t live.

Question 9

Taiga

Answer 9

(Borreal Forest) Forest characterized by having cold winters and evergreen trees

Question 10

Evergreen Trees

Answer 10

Never lose their leaves during winter (Pine trees)

Question 11

Dissiduous Forest

Answer 11

Forest where trees do lose their leaves. Like the adirondacks.

Question 12

Prairie

Answer 12

Dry regions with tall grasses, usually flat land.

Question 13

Savannah

Answer 13

Generally dry. Has one rainy season. Has few trees that are spread apart.

Question 14

Chaparral

Answer 14

Hot and dry. Similar to Savannah. Has wet winters. Characterized by frequent wild fires and draught resistent vegitation. Different regions of africa.

Question 15

Tropical Rainforest

Answer 15

Hot and wet. More diversity of life in tropical rainforest than in any other place combined. The soil is very nutrient poor, even though there is a lot of vegetation. Nutrition comes from dead organisms that form a layer above the soil.

Question 16

Desert

Answer 16

Dry and hot. Large difference in temperature between day and night. Little rain.

Question 17

Community

Answer 17

All the living things in a given area.

Question 18

Climax Community

Answer 18

Community where the proportions of each species is in equilibrium

Question 19

Population

Answer 19

All the members of a given species living in a given area

Question 20

Society

Answer 20

Population that has division of labor among its members. (Ants, humans, bees)

Question 21

Species

Answer 21

All the organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

Question 22

Cline

Answer 22

The variability in traits of members of one species living at different latitudes. (White and black skinned humans because they were born at different latitudes.)

Question 23

Trophic Levels

Answer 23

Classifications of different organisms based on how they obtain nutrition.

Question 24

Producers/Autotrophs

Answer 24

Produce their own nutrition. (Seafloor plants and photosynthetic plants.)

Question 25

Consumers/Heterotrophs

Answer 25

Must ingest other organisms in order to survive. (Humans)

Question 26

Primary Consumer

Answer 26

Organism that feeds on producers. (Herbivore)

Question 27

Types of Consumers/Heterotrophs:

Answer 27

1. Primary Consumer 2. Secondary Consumer

Question 28

Secondary Consumer

Answer 28

Organism that feeds on primary consumers.

Question 29

Tertiary Consumers

Answer 29

Organism that feeds on secondary consumers. (Carnivore)

Question 30

Omnivores

Answer 30

Feed on plants and animals

Question 31

Decomposers

Answer 31

Feed on dead, organic matter. They cause decay. (Bacteria that ruin apples, Maggets that eat dead animals)

Question 32

Biomass

Answer 32

The mass of all the organisms in a given sample

Question 33

Relationships Between Organisms

Answer 33

1. Predator-prey relationships 2. Competitors 3. Symbiosis

Question 34

Three types of symbiosis

Answer 34

1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism

Question 35

Mutualism

Answer 35

Two species both benefit. (Little fish that eats bacteria off of big fish).

Question 36

Commensalism

Answer 36

One species benefits and other species is unaffected

Question 37

Parastism

Answer 37

One species is benefited while other species is harmed. (Different from predation because parasitism is living on/in organism.) (Tapeworm eating its host's food)

Question 38

Notable Symbiosis

Answer 38

1. Lichen 2. Legumes

Question 39

Lichen

Answer 39

Mutualistic Association of algae and fungi. Algae does photosynthesis while fungi does respiration.

Question 40

Legumes

Answer 40

Mutualistic Association between plants and nitrifying bacteria. Life within the roots of the plants.