Biology Sat II Kingdoms Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
Bacteria
A
Domain made up of prokaryotes and includes harmful disease-causing bacteria (like E. Coli) to the beneficial bacteria used to make yogurt and cheese.
2
Q
No
A
Do Domain Bacteria have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
3
Q
Yes
A
Do Domain Bacteria have ribosomes?
4
Q
Circular
A
What type of DNA genome do Domain Bacteria have?
5
Q
Eubacteria
A
What is Domain Bacteria’s one kingdom?
6
Q
Cyanobacteria
A
Phylum known as blue-green algae, in the Eubacteria Kingdom and Domain Bacteria. They contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesize.
7
Q
Blue-green algae
A
Cyanobacteria are known as _____________ in the Eubacteria Kingdom and Domain Bacteria. They contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesize.
8
Q
Yes; yes
A
Do cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll? Can they photosynthesize?
9
Q
Both lack a nucleus, organelles, and a circular DNA genome
A
What features do Domain Archaea and Bacteria have in common? (3)
10
Q
No, no
A
Do Domain Archaea have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
11
Q
Yes (multiple types of RNA polymerase and methionine as the initiator amino acid)
A
Do Domain Archaea share features in common with eukaryotes? If so, what?
12
Q
Extremophiles
A
Type of Domain Archaea that can survive in extremely harsh environments that most other organisms could not tolerate.
13
Q
Bacteria
A
What domain do cyanobacteria belong to?
14
Q
Extreme thermophiles, extreme halophiles, methanogens
A
What are the three types of extremophiles? (in Domain Archaea)
15
Q
Extreme halophiles
A
Type of extremophile that live in extremely salty conditions.
16
Q
Salty
A
What type of conditions do extreme halophiles live in?
17
Q
Extreme thermophiles
A
Type of extremophile that live in extremely hot conditions.
18
Q
Hot
A
What type of conditions do extreme thermophiles live in?
19
Q
Methanogens
A
Type of extremophile that are extreme anaerobes that release methane gas as a waste product.
20
Q
Anaerobes, methane gas
A
Methanogens are a type of extremophile that are extreme _________ that release ___________ as a waste product.
21
Q
Archaea
A
Domain that shares things in common with Domain Bacteria as well as eukaryotes.
22
Q
Eukarya
A
This domain is made up of eukaryotes that contain nuclei, membrane-bound organelles, and linear DNA.
23
Q
Linear
A
What type of DNA do organisms in Domain Eukarya have?
24
Q
Most are unicellular, some multi
A
Are protists unicellular or multicellular?
25
Algae
What kind of protist is multicellullar?
26
Protozoa
Animal-like protists
27
Algae
Plant-like protists
28
No
Are blue-green algae protists?6
29
Amoebas (phylum rhizopoda)
Unicellular protists that move using pseudopodia. Found in soils, freshwater, and marine environments. Some are parasitic.
30
Pseudopodia
How do those in phylum rhizopoda (amoebas) move?
31
Unicellular
Are those in phylum rhizopoda (amoebas) unicellular or multicellular?
32
Yes
Can amoebas be parasitic?
33
Malaria
Disease caused by the parasite plasmodium
34
Sporozoans (phylum apicomplexa)
Animal-like parasitic protists.Some cause serious human diseases such as malaria.
35
Both; 2 or more
Do sporozoans require life cycles with sexual or asexual stages? How many hosts?
36
Ciliate (protist)
What type of organism is a paramecium? (phylum/kingdom)
37
Ciliates
Type of protist characterized by their use of cilia for movement and feeding.
38
Slime molds (Phyla Myxomycota and Acrasiomycota)
Protists that resemble an overgrown amoeba. Contain many nuclei.
39
Euglena
Unicellular, photosynthetic algae. Move with a flagellum.
40
Flagellum
How do euglena move?
41
Yes
Are euglena photosynthetic?
42
Plants
Names ending in -phyta refer to _______.
43
Fungi
Names ending in -mycota refer to _______.
44
Euglena
Unicellular, photosynthetic algae. Move with a flagellum.
45
Flagellum
How do euglena move?
46
Yes
Are euglena photosynthetic?
47
TRUE
True or false: Euglena are algae.
48
Unicellular
Are euglena unicellular or multicellular?
49
Diatoms (Phylum Bacilariophyta)
Unicellular protists with unique glasslike walls. Live both in freshwater and marine environments. These walls remain behind when the organism dies and form sediments known as diatomaceous earth (useful as a filtering medium) Make up an important part of the marine food chain and are important producers in phytoplankton.
50
Produce unique glasslike walls (form diatomaceous earth for a filtering medium), part of marine food chain, important producers in phytoplankton
How are diatoms useful? (3)
51
Unique glasslike walls
What do diatoms form?
52
Brown Algae (Phylum phaeophyta)
Protists commonly known as seaweeds. Largest and most complex of plant-like protists. Multicellular and live in marine environments.
53
Seaweeds
What are brown algae commonly known as?
54
Multicellular
Are brown algae unicellular or multicellular?
55
Division
Another word for "phylum"
56
Nonvascular and vascular
Two categories plants are grouped into based on how they transport water
57
Seedless and seed plants
What are the two categories of vascular plants?
58
Nonflowering (gymnosperm), flowering (angiosperm)
What are the two categories of vascular seed plants?
59
Gymnosperm
Nonflowering seed plants
60
Angiosperm
Flowering seed plants
61
Yes, yes
Do gymnosperms have seeds? Angiosperms?
62
Nonvascular
Are bryophytes vascular or nonvascular?
63
Plants
Divisions (instead of phylum) are associated with which kingdom?
64
Bryophytes
What division of plants do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts fall under?
65
Bryophytes (non vascular)
Division of plants that lacks xylem and phloem.
66
No
Do bryophytes have xylem and phloem?
67
Bryophytes; lack vascular tissue
Tracheophytes/bryophytes group of plants must live in damp conditions where water is abundant. Why?
68
Yes
Do bryophytes require water for fertilization?
69
Bryophytes
Division of plants that don't contain true stems, leaves, and roots.
70
No
Do bryophytes contain true stems, leaves, and roots?
71
Vascular (have true stems, leaves, roots, xylem, and phloem)
Are ferns vascular or nonvascular?
72
No
Do ferns have seeds?
73
Spores
Do ferns have seeds or spores?
74
Ferns (Division Pterophyta)
Some of the earliest vascular plants. Contain the vascular tissue xylem, phloem, as well as true stems, leaves and roots. They do NOT have seeds, but spores, which can be scattered by the wind.
75
Conifers
True vascular plants
76
Conifers
What division of plants do pines, firs, and cedars belong to?
77
Gymnosperms, nonflowering
Are conifers gymnosperms or angiosperms? Nonflowering or flowering?
78
Flowering plants (Division Anthophyta)
Division of plants that consists of true vascular plants that produce flowers. Seeds are protected by fruits and nuts.
79
Yes, yes
Are Division Anthophyta plants true vascular plants? Do they produce flowers (angiosperms)?
80
Monocots, dicots
What are the two classes of flowering plants (Division Anthophyta)?
81
Monocots
Class of flowering plants named for their single-seed leaves called cotyledons. Characteristics include parallel veins in their leaves, flower parts in multiples of threes, a complex arrangement of vascular tissue in their stems, and a fibrous root system.
82
Cotyledons
Single-seed leaves found in monocots
83
Threes
Monocots have flower parts in multiples of __________.
84
Monocots
Class of flowering plants with a complex arrangement of vascular tissue in their stems.
85
Monocot
Class of flowering plants associated with parallel veins in their leaves.
86
Monocot
Class of flowering plants associated with a fibrous root system.
87
Dicot
Class of flowering plants named for their two seed leaves called cotyledons, net-like veins in their leaves, flower parts in multiples of four or five, vascular tissue arranged in a ring, and a taproot system.
88
4 or 5
Dicots have flower parts in multiples of __________.
89
2
How many cotyledons do dicots have?
90
1
How many cotyledons do monocots have?
91
Dicot
Class of flowering plants associated with vascular tissue arranged in a ring.
92
Dicot
Class of flowering plants associated with taproot system.
93
Fibrous, tap
What type of root system are monocots associated with? Dicots? (tap or fibrous)
94
Fungi
Kingdom classified as decomposers
95
Yes; yeast
Are fungi mostly multicellular? What is the exception?
96
Chitin
Fungi have a cell wall made of ________.
97
Heterotrophic
Are fungi heterotrophic, autotrophic, etc....
98
No; absorptive
Do fungi have a digestive system? What type of feeders are they?
99
Absorptive feeding
Process of taking up small organic molecules from the environment (fungi)
100
Division Zygomycota
This group of fungi reproduces sexually and includes common molds as well as mycorrhizae (mutualistic association between plant roots and fungi).
101
Sexually
Do Zygomycota reproduce sexually or asexually?
102
Common molds, mycorrhizae
What fungi do Division Zygomycota include? (2)
103
Endothermic
Are mammals endothermic or exothermic?
104
Mammary glands
Through what do mammals nourish their young?
105
Lungs
Through what do mammals breathe?
106
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (FARBM)
What is the order in which chordates evolved? (acronym too)
107
Birds
What is Class Aves also known as?
108
Birds
Chordate class that are tetrapods with forelimbs modified as wings.
109
Lungs
What do birds breathe through?
110
Endothermic
Are birds exothermic or endothermic?
111
Reptiles
Terrestrial animals with thick, scaly skin adapted to resist water animals.
112
Yes
Do reptiles live well in dry areas?
113
Lungs
What do reptiles breathe through?
114
Reptiles
What chordate class do crocodiles, lizards, and snakes belong to?
115
Amphibians
Chordates well adapted to both land and water
116
No, water
Do the eggs of amphibians have shells? Where must they be laid?
117
Amphibians
Class of chordates that go through an aquatic larval stage and undergo a metamorphous into a terrestrial adult
118
Lungs, skin
What do amphibians breathe through?
119
Amphibians
What class of chordates do frogs and salamanders belong to?
120
Bony fishes (Class osteichthyes)
Chordate fish with true bone skeleton.
121
Large, no
Do bony fish lay large numbers of eggs or small? Do they have shells?
122
Both
Do bony fish live in freshwater or marine environments?
123
Bony fish
What class of chordates do bass, tuna, and trout belong to?
124
Cartilaginous, bony
What are the two classes of fish?
125
Cartilaginous fish (class chondrichthyes)
Fish with flexible skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone, with well-developed jaws and fins.
126
Flexible, cartilage, bone
Cartilaginous fish have _____ skeletons made of ______ instead of ______.
127
Cartilaginous
Fish with well-developed jaws and fins
128
Some lay eggs, some bear live young
Do cartilaginous fish lay eggs or bear live young?
129
Cartilaginous fish
What class of chordates do sharks and sting ray belong to?
130
Chordates
Phylum of animals with a hollow notochord, a dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a tail (at some point in their development).
131
No
Are all chordates vertebrates?
132
Animals
What is the most diverse of the 6 kingdoms?
133
Yes
Are all animals heterotrophic?
134
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
Sessile animals that have a perforated body wall made of two layers of cells. Water is drawn through the body wall into the animal, where food is trapped and ingested. Most live in marine environments.
135
Sessile
Are sponges (porifera) motile or sessile?
136
Perforated, 2
Sponges have a ______ body wall made of ____ layers of cells.
137
Food
In sponges, water is drawn through the body wall into the animal, where _____ is trapped and ingested.
138
Marine
Do most sponges live in freshwater or marine environments?
139
Coelenterates
Animals that have body walls made of two layers of cells and a central, saclike digestive system. They exhibit radial symmetry. ex. hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones
140
Coelenterates (Phylum Cnidaria)
What phylum of animals do hydra, jellyfish, and sea anemones belong to?
141
Radial
What type of symmetry to coelenterates exhibit?
142
Central, saclike
What type of digestive system do coelenterates have? (2)
143
Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Animals that exhibit bilateral symmetry and moderate cephalization (a head).
144
Yes, a head
Do flatworms exhibit moderate cephalization? What does this mean?
145
Bilateral
What type of symmetry do flatworms exhibit?
146
Mollusks
Soft-bodied animals with hard external shells, such as snails, oysters, and clams. Exceptions are octopi and squid, which have only reduced, internal shells.
147
Foot, visceral mass, mantle
What are a mollusks 3 major body regions?
148
Visceral mass
Part of the mollusk where organs are contained.
149
Mantle
Part of a mollusk where shells may be secreted.
150
Mollusk
What type of animals are snails, oysters, and clams.
151
Segmented worms
What's another word for annelid?
152
Segmented worms (annelid)
Animals with closed circulation, a mouth, and an anus. They excrete waste through metanephridia.
153
Earthworm, leeches
What's an example of an annelid? (segmented worm)
154
Metanephridia
What do segmented worms/annelids excrete waste through?
155
Closed
Do annelids/segmented worms have open or closed circulation?
156
Annelids/segmented worm
What are earthworms/leeches an example of?
157
Arthropods
Largest/most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom
158
Arthropods
Animals with jointed appendages, a hard chitin exoskeleton, and a segmented body with a head, thorax, and abdomen.
159
Jointed, chitin, segmented
Arthropods are animals with _____ appendages, a hard ____ exoskeleton, and a _____ body with a head, thorax, and abdomen.
160
Open
Do arthropods have a closed or open circulatory system?
161
Malpighian tubules
What do arthropods eliminate wastes through?
162
Arthropods
What group of animals do crustaceans (crabs), insects (moths, ants), and arachnids (spiders) belong to?
163
Echinoderms
Sessile animals that exhibit radial symmetry, spiny exoskeletons, and have a water vascular system ending in tube feet that function in feeding, gas exchange, and movement.
164
Radial
What type of symmetry do echinoderms exhibit?
165
Spiny
What type of exoskeletons do echinoderms have??
166
Arthropods, echinoderms
What two animal phylums have exoskeletons?
167
Tube feet, feeding, gas exchange, movement
Echinoderms have a water vascular system ending in ____ ____ that function in ____, ____, and ____>
168
Echinoderms
What animal phylum do sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars belong to?
169
Yes, no
Can endothermic organisms regulate their own body temperature? Exothermic?
