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Biology SAT > Biology Sat II Kingdoms > Flashcards

Biology Sat II Kingdoms Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria

A

Domain made up of prokaryotes and includes harmful disease-causing bacteria (like E. Coli) to the beneficial bacteria used to make yogurt and cheese.

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2
Q

No

A

Do Domain Bacteria have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

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3
Q

Yes

A

Do Domain Bacteria have ribosomes?

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4
Q

Circular

A

What type of DNA genome do Domain Bacteria have?

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5
Q

Eubacteria

A

What is Domain Bacteria’s one kingdom?

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6
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Phylum known as blue-green algae, in the Eubacteria Kingdom and Domain Bacteria. They contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesize.

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7
Q

Blue-green algae

A

Cyanobacteria are known as _____________ in the Eubacteria Kingdom and Domain Bacteria. They contain chlorophyll and can photosynthesize.

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8
Q

Yes; yes

A

Do cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll? Can they photosynthesize?

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9
Q

Both lack a nucleus, organelles, and a circular DNA genome

A

What features do Domain Archaea and Bacteria have in common? (3)

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10
Q

No, no

A

Do Domain Archaea have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

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11
Q

Yes (multiple types of RNA polymerase and methionine as the initiator amino acid)

A

Do Domain Archaea share features in common with eukaryotes? If so, what?

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12
Q

Extremophiles

A

Type of Domain Archaea that can survive in extremely harsh environments that most other organisms could not tolerate.

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13
Q

Bacteria

A

What domain do cyanobacteria belong to?

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14
Q

Extreme thermophiles, extreme halophiles, methanogens

A

What are the three types of extremophiles? (in Domain Archaea)

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15
Q

Extreme halophiles

A

Type of extremophile that live in extremely salty conditions.

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16
Q

Salty

A

What type of conditions do extreme halophiles live in?

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17
Q

Extreme thermophiles

A

Type of extremophile that live in extremely hot conditions.

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18
Q

Hot

A

What type of conditions do extreme thermophiles live in?

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19
Q

Methanogens

A

Type of extremophile that are extreme anaerobes that release methane gas as a waste product.

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20
Q

Anaerobes, methane gas

A

Methanogens are a type of extremophile that are extreme _________ that release ___________ as a waste product.

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21
Q

Archaea

A

Domain that shares things in common with Domain Bacteria as well as eukaryotes.

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22
Q

Eukarya

A

This domain is made up of eukaryotes that contain nuclei, membrane-bound organelles, and linear DNA.

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23
Q

Linear

A

What type of DNA do organisms in Domain Eukarya have?

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24
Q

Most are unicellular, some multi

A

Are protists unicellular or multicellular?

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25
Q

Algae

A

What kind of protist is multicellullar?

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26
Q

Protozoa

A

Animal-like protists

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27
Q

Algae

A

Plant-like protists

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28
Q

No

A

Are blue-green algae protists?6

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29
Q

Amoebas (phylum rhizopoda)

A

Unicellular protists that move using pseudopodia. Found in soils, freshwater, and marine environments. Some are parasitic.

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30
Q

Pseudopodia

A

How do those in phylum rhizopoda (amoebas) move?

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31
Q

Unicellular

A

Are those in phylum rhizopoda (amoebas) unicellular or multicellular?

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32
Q

Yes

A

Can amoebas be parasitic?

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33
Q

Malaria

A

Disease caused by the parasite plasmodium

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34
Q

Sporozoans (phylum apicomplexa)

A

Animal-like parasitic protists.Some cause serious human diseases such as malaria.

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35
Q

Both; 2 or more

A

Do sporozoans require life cycles with sexual or asexual stages? How many hosts?

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36
Q

Ciliate (protist)

A

What type of organism is a paramecium? (phylum/kingdom)

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37
Q

Ciliates

A

Type of protist characterized by their use of cilia for movement and feeding.

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38
Q

Slime molds (Phyla Myxomycota and Acrasiomycota)

A

Protists that resemble an overgrown amoeba. Contain many nuclei.

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39
Q

Euglena

A

Unicellular, photosynthetic algae. Move with a flagellum.

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40
Q

Flagellum

A

How do euglena move?

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41
Q

Yes

A

Are euglena photosynthetic?

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42
Q

Plants

A

Names ending in -phyta refer to _______.

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43
Q

Fungi

A

Names ending in -mycota refer to _______.

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44
Q

Euglena

A

Unicellular, photosynthetic algae. Move with a flagellum.

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45
Q

Flagellum

A

How do euglena move?

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46
Q

Yes

A

Are euglena photosynthetic?

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47
Q

TRUE

A

True or false: Euglena are algae.

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48
Q

Unicellular

A

Are euglena unicellular or multicellular?

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49
Q

Diatoms (Phylum Bacilariophyta)

A

Unicellular protists with unique glasslike walls. Live both in freshwater and marine environments. These walls remain behind when the organism dies and form sediments known as diatomaceous earth (useful as a filtering medium) Make up an important part of the marine food chain and are important producers in phytoplankton.

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50
Q

Produce unique glasslike walls (form diatomaceous earth for a filtering medium), part of marine food chain, important producers in phytoplankton

A

How are diatoms useful? (3)

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51
Q

Unique glasslike walls

A

What do diatoms form?

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52
Q

Brown Algae (Phylum phaeophyta)

A

Protists commonly known as seaweeds. Largest and most complex of plant-like protists. Multicellular and live in marine environments.

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53
Q

Seaweeds

A

What are brown algae commonly known as?

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54
Q

Multicellular

A

Are brown algae unicellular or multicellular?

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55
Q

Division

A

Another word for “phylum”

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56
Q

Nonvascular and vascular

A

Two categories plants are grouped into based on how they transport water

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57
Q

Seedless and seed plants

A

What are the two categories of vascular plants?

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58
Q

Nonflowering (gymnosperm), flowering (angiosperm)

A

What are the two categories of vascular seed plants?

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59
Q

Gymnosperm

A

Nonflowering seed plants

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60
Q

Angiosperm

A

Flowering seed plants

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61
Q

Yes, yes

A

Do gymnosperms have seeds? Angiosperms?

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62
Q

Nonvascular

A

Are bryophytes vascular or nonvascular?

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63
Q

Plants

A

Divisions (instead of phylum) are associated with which kingdom?

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64
Q

Bryophytes

A

What division of plants do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts fall under?

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65
Q

Bryophytes (non vascular)

A

Division of plants that lacks xylem and phloem.

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66
Q

No

A

Do bryophytes have xylem and phloem?

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67
Q

Bryophytes; lack vascular tissue

A

Tracheophytes/bryophytes group of plants must live in damp conditions where water is abundant. Why?

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68
Q

Yes

A

Do bryophytes require water for fertilization?

69
Q

Bryophytes

A

Division of plants that don’t contain true stems, leaves, and roots.

70
Q

No

A

Do bryophytes contain true stems, leaves, and roots?

71
Q

Vascular (have true stems, leaves, roots, xylem, and phloem)

A

Are ferns vascular or nonvascular?

72
Q

No

A

Do ferns have seeds?

73
Q

Spores

A

Do ferns have seeds or spores?

74
Q

Ferns (Division Pterophyta)

A

Some of the earliest vascular plants. Contain the vascular tissue xylem, phloem, as well as true stems, leaves and roots. They do NOT have seeds, but spores, which can be scattered by the wind.

75
Q

Conifers

A

True vascular plants

76
Q

Conifers

A

What division of plants do pines, firs, and cedars belong to?

77
Q

Gymnosperms, nonflowering

A

Are conifers gymnosperms or angiosperms? Nonflowering or flowering?

78
Q

Flowering plants (Division Anthophyta)

A

Division of plants that consists of true vascular plants that produce flowers. Seeds are protected by fruits and nuts.

79
Q

Yes, yes

A

Are Division Anthophyta plants true vascular plants? Do they produce flowers (angiosperms)?

80
Q

Monocots, dicots

A

What are the two classes of flowering plants (Division Anthophyta)?

81
Q

Monocots

A

Class of flowering plants named for their single-seed leaves called cotyledons. Characteristics include parallel veins in their leaves, flower parts in multiples of threes, a complex arrangement of vascular tissue in their stems, and a fibrous root system.

82
Q

Cotyledons

A

Single-seed leaves found in monocots

83
Q

Threes

A

Monocots have flower parts in multiples of __________.

84
Q

Monocots

A

Class of flowering plants with a complex arrangement of vascular tissue in their stems.

85
Q

Monocot

A

Class of flowering plants associated with parallel veins in their leaves.

86
Q

Monocot

A

Class of flowering plants associated with a fibrous root system.

87
Q

Dicot

A

Class of flowering plants named for their two seed leaves called cotyledons, net-like veins in their leaves, flower parts in multiples of four or five, vascular tissue arranged in a ring, and a taproot system.

88
Q

4 or 5

A

Dicots have flower parts in multiples of __________.

89
Q

2

A

How many cotyledons do dicots have?

90
Q

1

A

How many cotyledons do monocots have?

91
Q

Dicot

A

Class of flowering plants associated with vascular tissue arranged in a ring.

92
Q

Dicot

A

Class of flowering plants associated with taproot system.

93
Q

Fibrous, tap

A

What type of root system are monocots associated with? Dicots? (tap or fibrous)

94
Q

Fungi

A

Kingdom classified as decomposers

95
Q

Yes; yeast

A

Are fungi mostly multicellular? What is the exception?

96
Q

Chitin

A

Fungi have a cell wall made of ________.

97
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Are fungi heterotrophic, autotrophic, etc….

98
Q

No; absorptive

A

Do fungi have a digestive system? What type of feeders are they?

99
Q

Absorptive feeding

A

Process of taking up small organic molecules from the environment (fungi)

100
Q

Division Zygomycota

A

This group of fungi reproduces sexually and includes common molds as well as mycorrhizae (mutualistic association between plant roots and fungi).

101
Q

Sexually

A

Do Zygomycota reproduce sexually or asexually?

102
Q

Common molds, mycorrhizae

A

What fungi do Division Zygomycota include? (2)

103
Q

Endothermic

A

Are mammals endothermic or exothermic?

104
Q

Mammary glands

A

Through what do mammals nourish their young?

105
Q

Lungs

A

Through what do mammals breathe?

106
Q

Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (FARBM)

A

What is the order in which chordates evolved? (acronym too)

107
Q

Birds

A

What is Class Aves also known as?

108
Q

Birds

A

Chordate class that are tetrapods with forelimbs modified as wings.

109
Q

Lungs

A

What do birds breathe through?

110
Q

Endothermic

A

Are birds exothermic or endothermic?

111
Q

Reptiles

A

Terrestrial animals with thick, scaly skin adapted to resist water animals.

112
Q

Yes

A

Do reptiles live well in dry areas?

113
Q

Lungs

A

What do reptiles breathe through?

114
Q

Reptiles

A

What chordate class do crocodiles, lizards, and snakes belong to?

115
Q

Amphibians

A

Chordates well adapted to both land and water

116
Q

No, water

A

Do the eggs of amphibians have shells? Where must they be laid?

117
Q

Amphibians

A

Class of chordates that go through an aquatic larval stage and undergo a metamorphous into a terrestrial adult

118
Q

Lungs, skin

A

What do amphibians breathe through?

119
Q

Amphibians

A

What class of chordates do frogs and salamanders belong to?

120
Q

Bony fishes (Class osteichthyes)

A

Chordate fish with true bone skeleton.

121
Q

Large, no

A

Do bony fish lay large numbers of eggs or small? Do they have shells?

122
Q

Both

A

Do bony fish live in freshwater or marine environments?

123
Q

Bony fish

A

What class of chordates do bass, tuna, and trout belong to?

124
Q

Cartilaginous, bony

A

What are the two classes of fish?

125
Q

Cartilaginous fish (class chondrichthyes)

A

Fish with flexible skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone, with well-developed jaws and fins.

126
Q

Flexible, cartilage, bone

A

Cartilaginous fish have _____ skeletons made of ______ instead of ______.

127
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Fish with well-developed jaws and fins

128
Q

Some lay eggs, some bear live young

A

Do cartilaginous fish lay eggs or bear live young?

129
Q

Cartilaginous fish

A

What class of chordates do sharks and sting ray belong to?

130
Q

Chordates

A

Phylum of animals with a hollow notochord, a dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a tail (at some point in their development).

131
Q

No

A

Are all chordates vertebrates?

132
Q

Animals

A

What is the most diverse of the 6 kingdoms?

133
Q

Yes

A

Are all animals heterotrophic?

134
Q

Sponges (Phylum Porifera)

A

Sessile animals that have a perforated body wall made of two layers of cells. Water is drawn through the body wall into the animal, where food is trapped and ingested. Most live in marine environments.

135
Q

Sessile

A

Are sponges (porifera) motile or sessile?

136
Q

Perforated, 2

A

Sponges have a ______ body wall made of ____ layers of cells.

137
Q

Food

A

In sponges, water is drawn through the body wall into the animal, where _____ is trapped and ingested.

138
Q

Marine

A

Do most sponges live in freshwater or marine environments?

139
Q

Coelenterates

A

Animals that have body walls made of two layers of cells and a central, saclike digestive system. They exhibit radial symmetry. ex. hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones

140
Q

Coelenterates (Phylum Cnidaria)

A

What phylum of animals do hydra, jellyfish, and sea anemones belong to?

141
Q

Radial

A

What type of symmetry to coelenterates exhibit?

142
Q

Central, saclike

A

What type of digestive system do coelenterates have? (2)

143
Q

Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

A

Animals that exhibit bilateral symmetry and moderate cephalization (a head).

144
Q

Yes, a head

A

Do flatworms exhibit moderate cephalization? What does this mean?

145
Q

Bilateral

A

What type of symmetry do flatworms exhibit?

146
Q

Mollusks

A

Soft-bodied animals with hard external shells, such as snails, oysters, and clams. Exceptions are octopi and squid, which have only reduced, internal shells.

147
Q

Foot, visceral mass, mantle

A

What are a mollusks 3 major body regions?

148
Q

Visceral mass

A

Part of the mollusk where organs are contained.

149
Q

Mantle

A

Part of a mollusk where shells may be secreted.

150
Q

Mollusk

A

What type of animals are snails, oysters, and clams.

151
Q

Segmented worms

A

What’s another word for annelid?

152
Q

Segmented worms (annelid)

A

Animals with closed circulation, a mouth, and an anus. They excrete waste through metanephridia.

153
Q

Earthworm, leeches

A

What’s an example of an annelid? (segmented worm)

154
Q

Metanephridia

A

What do segmented worms/annelids excrete waste through?

155
Q

Closed

A

Do annelids/segmented worms have open or closed circulation?

156
Q

Annelids/segmented worm

A

What are earthworms/leeches an example of?

157
Q

Arthropods

A

Largest/most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom

158
Q

Arthropods

A

Animals with jointed appendages, a hard chitin exoskeleton, and a segmented body with a head, thorax, and abdomen.

159
Q

Jointed, chitin, segmented

A

Arthropods are animals with _____ appendages, a hard ____ exoskeleton, and a _____ body with a head, thorax, and abdomen.

160
Q

Open

A

Do arthropods have a closed or open circulatory system?

161
Q

Malpighian tubules

A

What do arthropods eliminate wastes through?

162
Q

Arthropods

A

What group of animals do crustaceans (crabs), insects (moths, ants), and arachnids (spiders) belong to?

163
Q

Echinoderms

A

Sessile animals that exhibit radial symmetry, spiny exoskeletons, and have a water vascular system ending in tube feet that function in feeding, gas exchange, and movement.

164
Q

Radial

A

What type of symmetry do echinoderms exhibit?

165
Q

Spiny

A

What type of exoskeletons do echinoderms have??

166
Q

Arthropods, echinoderms

A

What two animal phylums have exoskeletons?

167
Q

Tube feet, feeding, gas exchange, movement

A

Echinoderms have a water vascular system ending in ____ ____ that function in ____, ____, and ____>

168
Q

Echinoderms

A

What animal phylum do sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars belong to?

169
Q

Yes, no

A

Can endothermic organisms regulate their own body temperature? Exothermic?

Biology SAT (14 decks)

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