Flashcards in Biology - Topic 2 - Cells and Control Deck (35)
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1
What type of cell division forms two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
2
In which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?
Interphase
3
In which stage of the cell cycle, at the end of mitosis, does the one cell divide into two?
Cytokinesis
4
What term describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?
Diploid
5
Define the term ‘growth’.
An increase in cell number and size
6
How are roots adapted to absorbing water and mineral salts from the ground?
Root hair cells have long extensions into the soil that increase the surface area for absorption.
7
Where are plant meristems found?
Tips of plant shoots and roots (also just inside bark of trees)
8
What happens in a plant meristem?
Cells divide rapidly by mitosis as the plant grows.
9
What type of cell is found in meristems?
unspecialised/stem cells
10
What happens during cell differentiation?
Cells develop special features that help them carry out a particular function.
11
Why is cell differentiation important to plants and animals?
Specialised cells are more effective at carrying out different functions in the body.
12
A root hair cell is a specialised cell. What is its function?
To absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil
13
How is a root hair cell specialised to carry out its function?
It has a long extension into the soil that increases the surface area for absorption.
14
What is the function of a xylem vessel?
To carry water and mineral salts through the plant
15
Explain how one specialisation of a xylem vessel helps it carry out its function.
any one from: thickened wall to prevent collapse of tube/withstand pressure of water; no cell cytoplasm and lost cell walls to form long tubes through which water flows up the plant; small holes in thick cell wall so water can pass into and out of the vessel from surrounding cells
16
Name one feature, other than mass, that could be measured to show growth in a plant.
any suitable measure that will show change over time, such as: height, tree girth, leaf area, number of leaves
17
What type of cell has the ability to differentiate into specialised cells?
Stem cells
18
In what organ system would you find nervecells?
The nervous system
19
Are nerve cells diploid or haploid?
Diploid
20
What part of a nerve cell containschromosomes?
Nucleus
21
Nerve cells require a lot of energy. What cell structure would you expect them to have a lot of?
Mitochondria
22
What is a nerve cell specialised to do?
Carry electrical signals/impulses
23
List your senses.
Touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell, balance,temperature and plenty of others
24
State the name of one organ in the nervous system.
Brain, spinal cord or nerves or a named sense organ eg. eyes or skin
25
What type of cells is the brain mainly made up of?
Neurones, nerve cells
26
What name is given to an electrical signaltransmitted by a neurone?
Impulse
27
What type of cells detect stimuli?
Receptor cells
28
In which sense organ would you find receptor cells that detect light waves?
Eye
29
List, in order, the organs that an impulse goes through from the hand to the brain.
nerve(s), spinal cord
30
What are the two long ‘arms’ of a sensoryneurone called?
Dendron and axon
31
List, in order, the parts of a sensory neurone that an impulse goes through.
dendrite, dendron, axon, axon terminal
32
Why are sensory neurones so long?
to carry impulses quickly over long distances
33
What is the name of the fatty sheath thatsurrounds dendrons and axons?
Myelin sheath
34
What does the myelin sheath do?
speeds up transmission of impulses, insulates neurones from each other
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