Biology Topic 3 Flashcards
(15 cards)
How is measles spread?
Sneezes and coughs
How is tobacco mosaic virus spread?
Contact with diseased plants, insects can carry it from one plant to another
How can you stop the spread of tobacco mosaic virus?
- selectively breeding resistant plants
- good food hygiene
- pest control
How is rose black spot spread?
Water or wind
How can you stop the spread of rose black spot?
- using fungicides
- stripping plants of affected leaves
What are the physical barriers that stop pathogens from entering the body?
- the skin acts as a physical barrier
- nose hairs and mucus stop particles entering your lungs
- trachea contains mucus
What are the three methods white blood cells use to kill phathogens.
- Phagotosis - engulfing the pathogen
- Producing antibodies
- Producing antitoxins which prevent toxins from bacteria harming cells
How do vaccinations work?
- a weak of inactive form of the pathogen is injected into the body
- the white blood cells use produces antibodies which bind to the pathogen and kill it
- if the body gets infected with the pathogen again the response is much faster
How can you prevent resistant strains of bacteria from developing?
- stop overusing antibiotics
- if a patient is prescribed an antibiotic they should complete their course
Describe the steps for drug testing.
- The drug is given to human cells to test for toxicity
- Low doses are given to healthy volunteers to check for Sid effects
- The drug is given to patients with the disease to find the optimum dose
- double blind trials to test for placebo
Where does aspirin originate from?
Willow tree
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
Where does the heart drug digitalis originate from?
Foxgloves
How to antibodies kill pathogens?
- antibodies are have a specific shape that fits the pathogen
- the antibodies bind to the pathogen
- this triggers the pathogens to be destroyed
How does the stomach help to kill pathogens that enter the body?
The stomach contains acid which kills pathogens
