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My Class 2 > Biology Unit 1 Study > Flashcards

Biology Unit 1 Study Flashcards

1
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In Eukaryotic cells it is found in the nuclues of each cell

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2
Q

Where is DNA found (Prokaryotic cells)?

A

Found in the cytoplasm

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3
Q

When monomers (nucleotides) in DNA bond together, they form ____________

A

Polymer or polynucleotide

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4
Q

Nucleotides are made of 3 subunits:

A
  1. Phosphate group
  2. 5-carbon sugar (pentose)
  3. Nitrogenous base
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5
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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6
Q

How are the one right bases called and what are they?

A

Pyrimidines; Thymine and Cytosine

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7
Q

How are the two ring bases called and what are they?

A

Purines; Adenine and Guanine

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8
Q

What is the main difference between the sugar of DNA and RNA?

A

In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose
In RNA, the sugar is ribose
The sugar in DNA has no oxygen molecule at Carbon 2’

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9
Q

Where does the phosphate group attach to?

A

To 5’ carbon

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10
Q

DNA polymer is ____________. The strands are __________ to each other and __________

A

Double stranded. Antiparallel. Complementary

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11
Q

………

A

………

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12
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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13
Q

DNA is a type of ___________.

A

Nucleic Acid

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14
Q

DNA does what?

A

It’s a macromolecule containing genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation.

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15
Q

Where is DNA found in Eukaryotic cells?

A

In the nucleus

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16
Q

Where is DNA found in Prokaryotic cells?

A

In the cytoplasm (no nuclei)

17
Q

Nucleic Acids are polymers. What are polymers?

A

Large molecules made of smaller, repeating units/building blocks, or MONOMERS

18
Q

In DNA, monomers are called __________.

A

Nucleotides

19
Q

When monomers (nucleotides) in DNA bond together, they form ____________

A

Polymer / Polynucleotide

20
Q

Nucleotide monomers are made of which 3 subunits?

A
  1. A phosphate group.
  2. A 5-carbon sugar (“pentose”).
  3. A nitrogenous base.
21
Q

Deoxyribose (the pentose sugar in DNA) and Ribose (the pentose sugar in RNA) differ by only one _______ atom on _____.

A

Oxygen; Carbon 2’

22
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are Pyrimidines

A

Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)

23
Q

What are PYRIMIDINES?

A

They are ‘one ring’ nitrogenous bases

24
Q

What are PURINES?

A

They are ‘two ring’ nitrogenous bases

25
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are Purines?

A

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

26
Q

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, To which carbon is the PHOSPHATE attached?

A

5’ carbon

27
Q

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the NITROGENOUS BASE attached?

A

1’ carbon

28
Q

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the – OH attached?

A

3’ carbon

29
Q

A nucleotide bonds to another nucleotide such that the _____ of one nucleotide is connected to the _____ of the next with a ______ in the middle

A

3’ ;
5’ ;
phosphate;

30
Q

What are the bonds called between nucleotides (monomers)?

A

phosphodiester bonds

31
Q

The DNA has _______ backbone

A

a “sugar-phosphate backbone”

32
Q

The nitrogenous bases (A,G,C & T) are bonded to the 1’ carbon of the sugar with bonds that are called _____________

A

“glycosyl bonds” or N-glycosidic bonds.

33
Q

Polynucleotides are read from the __ end to the __ end

(insert picture)

A

5’ to 3’

(the top of a polynucleotide, is where the phosphate and nitrogenous bases are attached)

34
Q

The DNA polymer is _____________, forming a ___________ shape (and is held together by________)

A

DOUBLE STRANDED;
DOUBLE HELIX;
HYDROGEN BONDS;

35
Q

The DNA strands are ___________ and ___________

A

ANTIPARALLEL;
COMPLEMENTARY

36
Q

Nitrogenous base Adenine pairs only with ______ and Cytosine pairs only with __________. This means that the bases on one strand are ________ to bases on the other.

A

Thymine;
Guanine;
Complementary

37
Q

Adenine forms ____ (this many) H bonds with Thymine

A

two

38
Q

Guanine forms ____ (this many) H bonds bond with Cytosine

A

three

39
Q

Given a 5’ to 3’ strand:
G A G A T A T A G A T T A C C A
What is the sequence of the complementary (draw it with the appropriate hydrogen bonds)?

A

strand: C T C T A T A T C T A A T G G T
bonds: 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2

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